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Earn Your Ph.D. in Nursing

What is a Ph.D. in Nursing?

The Ph.D. in nursing produces high-caliber nurse researchers and scientists who contribute cutting-edge discoveries to inform best practices in care delivery, administration, and nursing education nationwide. It is the peak academic credential for those pursuing a career in nurse academia or scientific investigation within healthcare.

Definition of a Ph.D. in Nursing

• A Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Nursing is the highest academic degree awarded in the field of nursing
• It is a research-focused doctoral program that prepares nurses to be scientists, scholars, and leaders in the discipline

The Significance of a Ph.D. in Nursing

• Advances nursing science and evidence-based practice through rigorous research
• Helps address pressing healthcare problems and improve patient outcomes
• Prepares nurse experts to serve in advanced specialty, research, faculty, and leadership roles
• Drives innovation in nursing education curriculum, policy development, and clinical systems
• Elevates the scholarly standing and strength of the nursing profession across clinical and academic environments

Ph.D. in Nursing vs. a DNP Degree

The Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy) in Nursing and the DNP (Doctor of Nursing Practice ) are two distinct terminal degrees in the field of nursing, each catering to different career aspirations and areas of focus within the profession. Here’s a breakdown of the key differences between the two and the career paths typically associated with each.

Key Differences Between a Ph.D. in Nursing and a DNP

Focus and Objective:

• Ph.D. in Nursing:  Primarily research-oriented, focusing on generating new knowledge and theories in nursing and healthcare. It prepares graduates to conduct independent research, analyze policy, and contribute to the academic foundation of nursing science.
• DNP:  Practice-oriented, focusing on applying research to clinical practice. It prepares nurses to implement the science developed by nurse researchers in clinical settings, improve systems of care, and measure patient outcomes.

Curriculum:

• Ph.D. in Nursing:  Emphasizes research methodologies, statistical analysis, and theoretical foundations. Students engage in dissertation work to contribute original research to the field.
• DNP:  Centers on clinical practice, leadership, policy, and quality improvement. DNP projects often focus on translating research into practice, evaluating interventions, or improving outcomes within specific patient populations or systems.

Duration and Coursework:

• Ph.D. in Nursing:  Typically requires more time than a DNP due to the extensive research and dissertation component. Programs can range from 4 to 6 years, depending on full-time or part-time study.
• DNP:  Programs can be completed in 1 to 3 years, depending on the candidate’s background and the program’s structure, with some requiring clinical hours for those not already holding an advanced practice nursing degree.

Ph.D. in Nursing

Career Paths

Ph.D. in Nursing:

• Academia:  Teaching at the university level, often in nursing programs, and conducting research.
• Research:  Leading research projects, working in research institutions, or for healthcare policy think tanks.
• Leadership:  High-level positions in nursing research organizations, governmental agencies, or nonprofit health organizations, focusing on policy development and implementation.
• Advanced Clinical Practice:  Serving in roles such as Nurse Practitioners (NPs), Clinical Nurse Specialists (CNS), Nurse Anesthetists, or Nurse Midwives, with a focus on applying evidence-based practice to improve patient outcomes.
• Healthcare Leadership and Administration:  Managing nursing departments, leading quality improvement initiatives, or holding executive positions in healthcare organizations.
• Policy and Advocacy:  Working with governmental agencies or non-profit organizations to develop, implement, and evaluate health policies affecting patient care and nursing practice.

Ultimately, the choice between a Ph.D. in Nursing and a DNP depends on your career goals, whether you are more inclined towards academic research and teaching (Ph.D.) or applying research to improve clinical practice, lead healthcare teams, and influence health policy (DNP).

Becoming a Ph.D. in Nursing

Becoming a Ph.D. in Nursing is a rigorous academic journey that prepares nurses for careers in research, academia, and leadership, focusing on the advancement of nursing science and healthcare. The path from a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) to a Ph.D. in Nursing involves several steps, each with its own set of prerequisites and decisions regarding enrollment status.

BSN to Ph.D. in Nursing: The Academic Journey

1. Earning a Bachelor’s Degree:

• The journey begins with obtaining a BSN. This foundational step provides the clinical skills and theoretical knowledge necessary for advanced study in nursing.

2. Gaining Clinical Experience (Optional but Recommended):

• While not always a requirement for Ph.D. programs, gaining practical nursing experience can enhance understanding of the healthcare system and inform future research interests.

3. Research Experience:

• Engaging in research activities during or after the BSN program can be beneficial. This experience can include working on research projects, attending workshops, and getting involved in academic publications.

4. Selecting a Program:

• Choose a Ph.D. program that aligns with your research interests and career goals. Consider faculty expertise, program curriculum, and available resources.

5. Master’s Degree (Optional):

• Some students may pursue a Master’s degree in nursing or a related field before entering a Ph.D. program, although many Ph.D. programs accept students directly from a BSN background and may offer a combined MSN-Ph.D. track.

Prerequisites for a Ph.D. in Nursing

1. Educational Background:

• A BSN or, in some cases, a Master’s degree in nursing or related field. Some programs allow direct entry from a BSN, while others require an MSN .

2. Academic Achievement:

• High undergraduate GPA, usually a minimum of 3.0 on a 4.0 scale.
• Completion of graduate-level statistics course is often required.
• Experience with research methodologies, data analysis, or involvement in research projects is highly recommended.

4. Letters of Recommendation:

• Letters from academic and professional references attesting to the applicant’s potential for doctoral study and research.

5. Statement of Purpose:

• A detailed essay outlining research interests, career goals, and reasons for pursuing a Ph.D. in Nursing.

6. GRE Scores:

• Some programs require Graduate Record Examination (GRE) scores, although this requirement is increasingly being waived.

Full-time vs. Part-time Enrollment Options

Full-time Enrollment:

• Typically requires a commitment of 3-5 years.
• More intensive, allowing for quicker progression through the program.
• May offer more opportunities for funding, such as scholarships, fellowships, and assistantships.

Part-time Enrollment:

• Extends the duration of the program, often taking 5-7 years or more.
• Offers flexibility for students who need to work or fulfill other obligations.
• May limit access to certain funding opportunities.

Both full-time and part-time enrollment have their advantages and challenges. The choice depends on personal circumstances, financial considerations, and career objectives. Some students prefer the immersive experience and faster completion of full-time study, while others require the flexibility of part-time enrollment to balance academic, professional, and personal responsibilities.

PhD in Nursing Programs

When considering the best Ph.D. in Nursing programs globally, it’s essential to look at several factors, including the quality of research, faculty expertise, available resources, and the program’s reputation. While specific rankings can vary by publication and criteria, institutions known for their nursing and healthcare programs often stand out due to their contributions to research, policy, and practice in nursing.

Best Ph.D. in Nursing Programs Globally

Some of the top institutions known for their nursing Ph.D. programs include:

• Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing  (USA): Known for its research contributions and leadership in healthcare, offering a curriculum that emphasizes innovative research methodologies, evidence-based practice, and healthcare policy.
• University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing  (USA): Offers a research-intensive Ph.D. program focusing on improving healthcare across the lifespan, with faculty members leading in various fields of nursing science.
• University of Toronto Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing  (Canada): Recognized for its strong research programs, diverse specializations , and contributions to healthcare policy and practice.

These programs are renowned for their rigorous curriculum, research opportunities, and the ability to produce graduates who go on to become leaders in nursing research, education, and policy.

Online Ph.D. Programs in Nursing and Their Credibility

Online Ph.D. programs in Nursing have become increasingly popular, offering flexibility for working professionals. The credibility of these programs depends on their accreditation, faculty qualifications, and the institution’s reputation. Accredited online Ph.D. programs in Nursing provide education and research opportunities comparable to their on-campus counterparts. Key factors to consider include:

• Accreditation:  Ensure the program is accredited by a recognized accrediting body, such as the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) or the Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN) in the United States.
• Faculty Expertise:  Look for programs with experienced faculty involved in active research and with strong professional backgrounds in nursing.
• Resources and Support:  High-quality online programs offer access to digital libraries, research databases, and strong support systems for online students.

Specializations within Nursing Ph.D. Programs

Ph.D. in Nursing programs often offer specializations that allow students to focus on areas of interest within the field. These specializations can include:

• Nursing Informatics :  Focuses on the integration of nursing science with information management and analytical sciences to improve health outcomes.
• Psychiatric Nursing :  Concentrates on the care of patients with mental health issues, including research into psychiatric treatments and interventions.
• Anesthesia Nursing:  Although more commonly associated with Nurse Anesthesia programs (DNAP), some Ph.D. programs might focus on research in anesthesia practices and outcomes.
• Mental Health Nursing :  Involves research aimed at improving the mental health care system and outcomes for patients with mental health conditions.

Choosing a specialization depends on your career goals, research interests, and the healthcare needs you are most passionate about addressing. Each specialization offers a path to contribute significantly to the nursing profession and healthcare at large, whether through advancing clinical practice, shaping health policy, or improving educational methodologies.

Application Process

Applying for a Ph.D. in Nursing involves a detailed and often competitive process. Here’s a general guide on how to apply and fulfill the entrance requirements for these programs:

1. Research and Select Programs

• Identify Programs:  Begin by researching programs that align with your career goals and research interests. Consider factors such as faculty expertise, research facilities, funding opportunities, and program format (on-campus vs. online).
• Check Accreditation:  Ensure the program is accredited by a recognized accrediting body for nursing education, such as the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) or the Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN) in the U.S.

2. Fulfill Prerequisites

• Educational Background:  Most programs require applicants to have a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) or a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN). Some programs offer BSN-to-Ph.D. tracks.
• Academic Records:  You’ll need to provide transcripts from all post-secondary institutions attended. A high GPA, usually above 3.0 on a 4.0 scale, is often required.
• Research Experience:  Engage in research activities, which can include working on research projects, publishing papers, or attending research workshops, to strengthen your application.
• Professional Experience:  While not always mandatory, relevant nursing or healthcare experience can enhance your application.

3. Prepare Application Materials

• Letters of Recommendation:  Obtain letters from academic and professional references who can attest to your potential for doctoral study and research.
• Statement of Purpose:  Write a compelling essay outlining your research interests, why you want to pursue a Ph.D. in Nursing, and why you’re applying to specific programs.
• Curriculum Vitae (CV):  Include your educational background, research experience, publications, professional experience, and any honors or awards.
• GRE Scores:  Some programs may require GRE scores, though this requirement is increasingly being waived. Check the specific requirements of each program.

4. Complete Application Forms

• Fill Out Applications:  Complete the application forms for each program you’re applying to. Pay attention to each program’s specific requirements and deadlines.
• Application Fee:  Be prepared to pay an application fee for each program.

5. Submit Applications

• Review Your Application:  Before submitting, double-check your application for completeness and accuracy.
• Submit Before Deadlines:  Ensure all parts of your application, including letters of recommendation and test scores (if required), are submitted before the program’s deadline.

6. Prepare for Interviews

• Some programs may invite applicants for interviews as part of the selection process. These interviews can be in-person or virtual. Prepare to discuss your research interests, professional goals, and how the program fits your career aspirations.

7. Follow Up

• After submitting your application, monitor your email and application portal for updates or requests for additional information.

Fulfilling Entrance Requirements

To fulfill the entrance requirements:

• Advance Planning:  Begin planning your application well in advance of deadlines. This includes researching programs, understanding prerequisites, and preparing application materials.
• Strengthen Your Profile:  Engage in activities that will strengthen your application, such as gaining research experience, publishing work, and participating in professional development opportunities.
• Seek Guidance:  Consider seeking advice from mentors, faculty members, or professionals in the field who can provide insights into the application process and how to strengthen your application.

Applying for a Ph.D. in Nursing is a significant step towards advancing your career in nursing science and leadership. By carefully preparing your application and aligning your goals with the strengths of the programs you choose, you can increase your chances of admission to a program that will help you achieve your professional aspirations.

Online Nursing Degree

Online Ph.D. in Nursing programs provide a flexible pathway for nurses to pursue the highest level of nursing education without the need to attend traditional on-campus classes. These programs are designed to accommodate the schedules of working professionals, offering a blend of synchronous (live) and asynchronous (pre-recorded lectures and materials) coursework, virtual interactions with faculty and peers, and digital access to library resources and research materials.

Overview of Online Ph.D. in Nursing Programs

Online Ph.D. programs in Nursing focus on preparing nurses for roles in research, academia, leadership, and policy. The curriculum typically includes advanced courses in research methods, statistics, nursing theory, healthcare policy, and ethics, alongside specialized courses that align with the student’s research interests and career goals. Students also undertake a dissertation project, which involves original research contributing to nursing science.

Key components of online Ph.D. in Nursing programs include:

• Virtual Classroom Sessions:  For lectures, discussions, and presentations.
• Digital Access to Research Resources:  Including online journals, databases, and libraries.
• Online Collaboration Tools:  For group projects and peer interaction.
• Virtual Advising and Mentoring:  For research guidance and academic support.
• Dissertation Defense:  Often conducted virtually or may require a campus visit.

Advantages and Considerations of Online Learning for a Ph.D.

Advantages:

• Flexibility:  Allows students to balance their studies with professional and personal commitments.
• Accessibility:  Enables students from anywhere in the world to access top-quality programs without the need for relocation.
• Technology Skills:  Enhances digital literacy and familiarity with online research tools and collaboration platforms.

Considerations:

• Self-Discipline and Motivation:  Success in an online program requires a high degree of self-discipline and the ability to work independently.
• Limited In-Person Interaction:  Although technology facilitates interaction, the lack of face-to-face contact may be a drawback for some students.
• Technology Requirements:  Students must have access to reliable internet and the necessary hardware and software to participate in online coursework.

Accredited Online Ph.D. Programs in Nursing

When considering an online Ph.D. in Nursing program, accreditation is crucial to ensure the program meets high standards of quality and rigor. Accredited programs are recognized for their excellence in education, faculty qualifications, and student support services, making them more respected by employers and other institutions.

Some accredited online Ph.D. in Nursing programs include:

• Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing:  Offers a Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing (Ph.D.) that prepares nurse scientists to use evidence-based practice in teaching and research.
• University of Illinois at Chicago College of Nursing:  Provides a Ph.D. in Nursing program focused on research that improves nursing education, practice, and policy.
• Duke University School of Nursing:  Offers a Ph.D. program designed to develop nursing scholars capable of advancing health care through research.

It’s essential to verify the accreditation status of any program you consider by checking with recognized accrediting agencies such as the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) or the Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN) in the United States.

Choosing an online Ph.D. in Nursing program requires careful consideration of your career goals, learning style, and the specific features and accreditation of the programs you’re considering. With the right preparation and commitment, an online Ph.D. in Nursing can provide a flexible and rigorous path to advance your nursing career to the highest level.

Coursework and Research

A Ph.D. in Nursing is designed to prepare nurses for advanced roles in research, academia, leadership, and policy development. The program typically combines coursework, research, and a dissertation to provide a comprehensive understanding of nursing science and research methodologies. Below is an overview of the typical curriculum, research expectations, and dissertation requirements for a Ph.D. in Nursing.

Typical Curriculum and Coursework

The curriculum for a Ph.D. in Nursing focuses on developing advanced research skills, theoretical knowledge, and a deep understanding of issues affecting healthcare and nursing practice. While specific courses may vary by program, the following are commonly included:

• Advanced Research Methods:  Courses covering qualitative and quantitative research methodologies, data analysis techniques, and research design.
• Statistics:  Instruction in advanced statistical methods for analyzing research data.
• Nursing Theory:  Exploration of theoretical frameworks in nursing and their application to research and practice.
• Healthcare Policy:  Examination of policy-making processes, health care systems, and the impact of policy on patient care and nursing practice.
• Ethics in Research and Healthcare:  Discussion of ethical considerations in nursing research and clinical practice.
• Specialized Electives:  Courses tailored to students’ research interests, such as informatics, gerontology, public health, or education.

The Research Component: Expectations and Opportunities

Research is a cornerstone of the Ph.D. in Nursing, with students expected to contribute original knowledge to the field. Expectations and opportunities include:

• Research Mentorship:  Students work closely with faculty mentors who provide guidance on research projects, methodology, and dissertation development.
• Research Projects:  Participation in ongoing research projects, often as part of a team, to gain practical experience and contribute to scholarly work.
• Conferences and Publications:  Opportunities to present research findings at conferences and publish in academic journals, which are crucial for professional development and visibility in the field.

Dissertation Requirements and the Process of Completion

The dissertation is a significant component of the Ph.D. program, demonstrating the student’s ability to conduct independent research and contribute to nursing science. The process typically involves:

• Proposal Development:  Students develop a research proposal, including a literature review, research question, methodology, and proposed analysis. This proposal is presented to a faculty committee for approval.
• Conducting the Research:  After receiving approval, students conduct their research, collect data, and analyze results under the guidance of their advisor and committee.
• Writing the Dissertation:  The findings are written up in a dissertation, which includes an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion.
• Defense:  The completed dissertation is presented and defended before a committee of faculty members. The defense includes a presentation of the research findings followed by questions from the committee.

Completion of the dissertation process requires meticulous planning, research, and writing skills. It can take several years, depending on the complexity of the research, the student’s pace of work, and other commitments. Successful defense of the dissertation is a significant achievement, marking the culmination of the Ph.D. journey and the student’s readiness to contribute to the nursing profession as a researcher and academic leader.

Duration and Commitment

A PhD in nursing demands nearly full-time effort, though some maintain nursing instructor roles or carefully-balanced side-jobs during non-intensive coursework terms. Planning ahead financially allows immersive focus for the 1-2 years spent progressing through the doctoral dissertation research phase, widely considered the most demanding but rewarding undertaking of PhD training.

How Long Does It Take to Get a PhD in Nursing

• Full-time enrollment: Around 4-6 years
• Part-time enrollment: 5-8 years on average
• 2 years coursework
• Candidacy exam
• 1-2 years for dissertation research
• Some accelerated 3-year PhD options through full-time accelerated study

Balancing Work and Study: Is This Feasible?

• Extremely challenging to balance full-time work and PhD studies
• Research and dissertation writing are rigorous full-time endeavors
• Most PhD nursing programs strongly recommend not working more than part-time during studies
• Can maintain part-time clinical work such as teaching to promote career development
• Finances need to be considered to enable focusing completely on PhD research requirements

Financial Aspects

Careful financial planning and taking advantage of available nursing PhD funding sources helps balance the high costs of advanced nursing education – costs that pay dividends over the course of an accomplished research and/or academic career.

PhD in Nursing Salary Expectations and Influencing Factors

• Average salary: $100,000+
• Years of experience
• Faculty rank
• Type of university
• Geographic location
• Significant earning potential over MSN or DNP alone

Scholarships and Funding Opportunities for PhD Students

• Research or teaching assistantships
• Private foundations, professional associations
• NRSA Grants from National Institutes of Health
• U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration
• Military nursing scholarships

Cost of PhD Programs and Return on Investment

• Tuition ranges from $20,000 – $50,000+ total
• Additional costs like books, travel, living expenses
• High ROI – earning potential far exceeds investment
• Many utilize student loans, grants, scholarships
• Graduates see salary bump of 25-50%

Career Opportunities and Outcomes

A PhD in nursing prepares graduates to significantly expand nursing’s impact – whether leading transformative research, training future generations of nurses, implementing improvements across healthcare organizations, or informing policy through expansive perspectives on urgent challenges for practice and patient populations.

Jobs Available for Those with a PhD in Nursing

• Nurse scientist roles
• Professorships at universities
• Program research directors
• Executive nursing administrators
• Consultant positions
• Grant writing specialists
• Editors of academic journals

How a PhD in Nursing Can Enhance Your Career

• Opens access to top academic and healthcare leadership roles
• Enables spearheading innovative nursing research at prestigious institutions
• Qualifies graduates to teach in bachelor’s and graduate nursing programs
• High demand for PhDs to fill new faculty job openings
• Greater career satisfaction and sense of purpose

Leadership Roles in Nursing and Contributions

• Develop evidence-based policies, programs, best practices
• Consulting governments, healthcare systems, private sector organizations
• Ensuring nurse education curriculum reflects latest advances
• Evaluating effectiveness of nursing care approaches
• Publishing pioneering studies and theories in nursing journals
• Elevating quality standards across academia and practice

What Are the Roles and Duties of a Ph.D. Nurse?

Nurses who earn a Ph.D. are prepared for a variety of roles within academia, research, leadership, and healthcare policy. Their duties can vary significantly depending on their specific job title and the setting in which they work. Here’s a look at the roles and typical duties of Ph.D. nurses in three key areas: research, education, and leadership/administration.

Nurse Researcher

Nurse researchers with a Ph.D. are vital in advancing nursing science, improving patient care, and influencing health policy. Their typical duties include:

• Conducting Original Research:  Designing and implementing studies to generate new knowledge relevant to nursing practice, patient outcomes, and healthcare systems.
• Securing Funding:  Writing grant proposals to obtain funding from governmental agencies, non-profit organizations, and private entities to support research projects.
• Data Analysis:  Employing statistical techniques to analyze research data and interpret findings.
• Publishing Findings:  Writing articles for publication in scholarly journals, presenting research at conferences, and disseminating results to the healthcare community and the public.
• Collaborating:  Working with other healthcare professionals, researchers, and stakeholders to conduct interdisciplinary research and implement findings in clinical practice.

Ph.D. Nurse Educator

Ph.D. nurse educators play a crucial role in shaping the future of nursing through teaching, curriculum development, and mentorship. Their duties include:

• Teaching:  Delivering lectures, seminars, and workshops to undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral nursing students.
• Curriculum Development:  Designing, evaluating, and updating nursing education programs and courses to reflect current research, best practices, and regulatory standards.
• Mentoring:  Guiding students through their academic journey, providing research opportunities, and advising on career paths.
• Scholarly Activities:  Engaging in research, publishing articles, and presenting at academic conferences to contribute to the nursing body of knowledge.
• Academic Leadership:  Participating in faculty governance, accreditation processes, and program evaluation to ensure the quality and integrity of nursing education.

Department Chair or Administration

Nurses with a Ph.D. who move into department chair or administrative roles take on additional responsibilities related to the management and strategic direction of nursing programs or healthcare organizations. Their duties may include:

• Strategic Planning:  Developing long-term goals and strategies for the nursing department or educational program.
• Budget Management:  Overseeing the budget, allocating resources efficiently, and securing funding for departmental needs.
• Faculty Management:  Hiring, evaluating, and mentoring faculty members, and fostering a supportive and productive work environment.
• Program Development:  Leading the development and accreditation of new programs or specializations to meet emerging healthcare needs.
• Policy Implementation:  Establishing policies and procedures to enhance the educational quality, research output, and clinical practices within the organization.
• Stakeholder Engagement:  Representing the nursing department in discussions with university administration, healthcare partners, and external stakeholders to advocate for nursing education and practice.

Ph.D. nurses, regardless of their specific role, contribute significantly to the nursing profession through leadership, innovation, and a commitment to advancing healthcare outcomes. Their work not only impacts the immediate settings in which they operate but also influences the broader scope of healthcare policy, nursing practice, and patient care globally.

FAQ on DNP and Ph.D. in Nursing

Q1: What are the main differences between a DNP and a Ph.D. in Nursing? A1: The main difference lies in the focus and outcome of each program. A DNP (Doctor of Nursing Practice) is practice-oriented, focusing on applying research to clinical practice, improving healthcare systems, and enhancing patient outcomes. A Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy) in Nursing is research-oriented, aiming to generate new knowledge in nursing and health through original research. Ph.D. programs often emphasize theoretical foundations of nursing, research methodologies, and teaching nursing, while DNP programs concentrate on clinical practice, leadership, and health care administration.

Q2: What is a Doctor of Nursing Science (DNSc) and how does it compare to a DNP or Ph.D.? A2: A Doctor of Nursing Science (DNSc) is another doctoral degree focused on the advanced study of nursing, often with a strong emphasis on research and the theoretical foundations of nursing, similar to a Ph.D. The DNSc might be more research-oriented than a DNP but more applied than a Ph.D., depending on the program. However, DNP programs have become more prevalent in preparing advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) and leaders in clinical settings.

Q3: How long does it typically take to complete a DNP or Ph.D. in Nursing? A3: The duration can vary based on the program and whether the student is enrolled full-time or part-time. DNP programs can typically be completed in three to five years of full-time study, while Ph.D. programs may take longer, often requiring five years of full-time study due to the research and dissertation component.

Q4: Are online nursing programs credible for pursuing a DNP or Ph.D. in Nursing? A4: Yes, many credible and accredited online nursing programs are available for both DNP and Ph.D. degrees. These programs offer flexibility for working professionals but require the same level of rigor and coursework as traditional on-campus programs. Accreditation by reputable organizations, such as the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE), is key to ensuring the program’s credibility.

Q5: What kind of nursing courses can I expect in a DNP degree program? A5: DNP degree programs generally include courses in advanced clinical practice, leadership and management, health policy, evidence-based practice, and quality improvement. The exact curriculum can vary from school to school, but all aim to prepare nurses for the highest level of clinical nursing practice.

Q6: What are the prerequisites for enrolling in a DNP or Ph.D. in Nursing program? A6: Prerequisites can vary, but typically, applicants to DNP programs must hold a master’s degree in nursing or a related field, have a valid RN license, and some programs may require a certain number of clinical practice hours. For Ph.D. programs, requirements often include a bachelor’s or master’s degree in nursing, academic transcripts demonstrating a strong academic record, research experience, and letters of recommendation. Some Ph.D. programs may also require GRE scores.

Q7: Can students choose specializations within DNP or Ph.D. in Nursing programs? A7: Yes, students can choose from various specializations depending on the program’s offerings. These can include areas like family nurse practitioner, nurse anesthesia, nursing informatics, psychiatric-mental health nursing, and health care administration for DNP programs. Ph.D. programs may offer specializations in areas such as nursing education, health policy, or specific research methodologies.

Q8: What are the career prospects for nurses with a DNP or Ph.D.? A8: Nurses with a DNP are prepared for clinical leadership roles, such as nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists, nurse executives, and roles in health care administration. Nurses with a Ph.D. often pursue careers in academic teaching, research, and scholarly writing. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment for advanced practice registered nurses is projected to grow, indicating strong prospects for DNP graduates. Ph.D. graduates contribute to the nursing profession’s body of knowledge and help educate the next generation of nurses.

Q9: Is earning a DNP or Ph.D. necessary for advancement in the nursing profession? A9: While not necessary for all advancement opportunities, earning a DNP or Ph.D. can significantly enhance a nurse’s career prospects, allowing for roles in advanced clinical practice, academia, research, and leadership that are not accessible with lower levels of education. These degrees prepare nurses for the highest degree of professional practice and contribution to healthcare improvements and nursing knowledge.

• Sigma Theta Tau International: https://www.sigmanursing.org/
• National Student Nurses Association: https://www.nsna.org/
• National League for Nursing: http://www.nln.org/
• The American Board of Nursing Specialties: http://www.nursingcertification.org/
• Emergency Nurses Association: https://www.ena.org/
• American Association of Critical-Care Nurses: https://www.aacn.org/
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After graduating with a degree in English Literature from UCLA, Jeff published four editions of the World Wide Web Yellow Pages by Barnes and Noble, and several editions of the Best of the Web. He’s worked as an executive at both startup and mature companies including CareerPath.com and Microsoft. With nearly three decades of publishing and business development expertise, he now puts that experience to use operating RNCareers.org to help future nursing students get reliable information on registered nursing careers.

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Phd in nursing: requirements, salary, jobs, & career growth, what is phd in nursing.

A PhD in Nursing is a research-focused doctorate degree program that prepares graduates for careers in academia, research, and leadership in the field of nursing. This program involves advanced coursework in nursing theory, research methods, and statistics, as well as the completion of a significant research project.

Graduates of a PhD in Nursing program have the knowledge and skills necessary to contribute to the advancement of the nursing profession through research and teaching.

How much money do people make with a PhD in Nursing?

The salary of an individual with a PhD in Nursing can vary greatly based on several factors such as years of experience, location, type of employer, and area of specialty. On average, nurse practitioners with a PhD tend to earn higher salaries compared to those with just a master’s degree.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the median annual salary for nurse practitioners was $115,800 in May 2020. However, some highly experienced nurse practitioners with a PhD can earn six-figure salaries.

Additionally, those working in academia or research positions may also receive a salary commensurate with their education and experience.

What is expected job growth with PhD in Nursing?

The job growth for nurse practitioners, including those with a PhD, is expected to be strong in the coming years. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), employment of nurse practitioners is projected to grow 52% from 2019 to 2029, much faster than the average for all occupations.

This growth is due to an increased demand for healthcare services as the population ages, a shortage of primary care physicians, and a growing emphasis on preventative care. With a PhD in Nursing, individuals may be eligible for advanced practice and leadership roles in the healthcare industry, which could provide even more opportunities for job growth.

What can you do with a PhD in Nursing?

Graduates with a PhD in Nursing have a wide range of career opportunities in the field of nursing, including:

1. Academic and research positions: They can work as nursing professors or researchers at universities or research institutions, where they can contribute to the advancement of the nursing profession through teaching and research.

2. Healthcare administration: They can work as healthcare administrators, managing and leading teams of nurses and other healthcare professionals.

3. Clinical practice: They can work as advanced practice nurses, providing direct patient care and working in collaboration with physicians and other healthcare professionals.

4. Consulting: They can work as consultants, providing expert advice and guidance to healthcare organizations on a variety of nursing-related issues.

5. Writing and publishing: They can also pursue careers as writers, authors, and editors in the nursing field, contributing to the development of nursing knowledge and practice.

A PhD in Nursing can open doors to many rewarding and impactful careers in the field, providing graduates with the opportunity to make a difference in the lives of patients and advance the nursing profession.

What are the requirements for a PhD in Nursing?

The requirements for a PhD in Nursing program can vary by institution, but generally, the following are common requirements:

1. Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Nursing: Most PhD in Nursing programs require applicants to hold a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Nursing from an accredited institution.

2. Nursing license: A current nursing license is typically required to be eligible for a PhD in Nursing program.

3. Work experience: Some programs may require applicants to have a certain number of years of work experience in the nursing field.

4. GRE scores: Most PhD in Nursing programs require applicants to take the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) and to meet a minimum score requirement.

5. Letters of recommendation: Most programs require two or three letters of recommendation from individuals who can speak to the applicant’s academic and professional abilities.

6. Personal statement: A personal statement is usually required as part of the application, explaining the applicant’s reasons for pursuing a PhD in Nursing and their goals for the future.

7. Research experience: Many PhD in Nursing programs require applicants to have prior research experience or training in research methods.

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How long does it take to get a phd in nursing.

The time it takes to complete a PhD in Nursing program can vary, but it typically takes between 3-5 years of full-time study. The exact length of time can depend on several factors, such as the pace of the program, the amount of time dedicated to research and coursework, and the student’s prior education and experience.

Some PhD in Nursing programs offer full-time, accelerated options for students who want to complete the program more quickly, while others offer part-time options for students who need to balance their studies with work and other commitments. On average, most PhD in Nursing programs can be completed in 4 years of full-time study.

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Do you need a masters in nursing to get a phd in nursing.

While it is not required to have a Master’s degree in Nursing to pursue a PhD in Nursing, many PhD programs do require a Master’s degree in Nursing or a related field as a prerequisite.

A Master’s degree provides students with a solid foundation in nursing theory, research methods, and advanced clinical practice, which can be beneficial for success in a PhD program.

Additionally, many PhD programs may give priority to applicants who have a Master’s degree in Nursing or a related field, as it demonstrates a strong commitment to the nursing profession and a high level of academic achievement.

However, some PhD programs may admit students with a Bachelor’s degree in Nursing and relevant work experience, but this is relatively rare and varies by institution. It’s important to check with individual programs to see if they have specific admission requirements.

What are the Best PhD in Nursing Degree programs?

Duke university school of nursing , durham, nc, university of pennsylvania school of nursing , philadelphia, pa, johns hopkins university school of nursing , baltimore, md, university of california, san francisco school of nursing , san francisco, ca , new york university rory meyers college of nursing , new york, ny, university of north carolina at chapel hill school of nursing , chapel hill, nc, university of washington school of nursing , seattle, wa, university of michigan school of nursing , ann arbor, mi, university of illinois at chicago college of nursing , chicago, il, ohio state university college of nursing , columbus, oh, leave a comment cancel reply.

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Transform the future of health.

Advance the theoretical foundation of nursing practice and healthcare delivery with a Johns Hopkins PhD in nursing. This program will provide you with the knowledge and skills in theoretical, methodological, and analytical approaches that will enable you to conduct research to discover and apply knowledge in nursing science and health care. Most full-time Johns Hopkins Nursing PhD students receive 100% tuition funding and guaranteed compensation for the first four years of study.

The Johns Hopkins School of Nursing specializes in eight Areas of Expertise . With access to world-renowned nursing faculty in these specialties, cutting-edge facilities, and opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration with noted researchers throughout Johns Hopkins University, you’ll build the skills to develop and implement a scientific research program and launch your career. By graduation, most Hopkins nurse scholars have been awarded grants that continue their research and set them well on their way to a successful career.

A DNP Advanced Practice/PHD dual degree is also offered for students who wish to function at the highest level of nursing practice with focuses on both clinical practice and research.

Program Details

Tuition & fees.

Most full-time Johns Hopkins Nursing PhD students receive 100% tuition funding and guaranteed compensation for the first four years of study. Estimated Tuition Cost: $2,430 per credit See Cost of Attendance Details Financial Aid: There are numerous options for financing your education including grants, scholarships, and federal loans.  Learn more.

Upcoming Application Deadlines

Fall entry: November 15

Requirements

Admission criteria.

Graduate of an accredited Bachelor’s or Master’s in Nursing Program ( if applicable. Applicants holding a degree in a non-nursing related discipline will be considered on an individual basis)

A written statement of research goals including reason for interest in Johns Hopkins

Research interests that match faculty expertise and School resources

GRE scores are accepted but not required

A minimum scholastic GPA of 3.0 on a 4.0 scale

Interview with faculty (if moved forward by admissions committee)

Writing sample (publication or graded paper)

Resume or curriculum vitae

Three letters of recommendation (two academic, one professional)*

Official Transcripts (from all previous colleges/universities)

TOEFL or IELTS if English is not your native language

Information for applicants with international education

Prerequisites

No prerequisite courses.

*References should be recent, written for the purpose of your application to this program and from professors who know you as a student or employers who know you as a professional in a job setting preferably in a supervisory role. Personal references from colleagues, friends, or family members do not meet the requirement. For PhD applicants, it is strongly preferred that a least one of your recommenders holds a PhD.

 No. 1 in the nation for its  Doctor of Nursing Practice Program (DNP)

No. 1 (tied) in the nation for its Nursing Master’s Program (MSN)

No. 3 nursing school in the world, according to 2024  QS World University  rankings

Each student completes a core curriculum and works closely with faculty advisors to complete an individualized course of study that fulfills the student’s goals and develops the basis for a program of research.

Full Curriculum

Philosophical Perspectives in Health

Scientific Perspectives in Nursing

Quantitative Research Design and Methods

Qualitative Research Design and Methods

Mixed Methods Research Design

Grant Writing Seminar

Measurement in Health Care Research

Responsibilities and Activities of the Nurse Scientist

Statistical Methods in Public Health I

Statistical Methods in Public Health II

Statistical Methods in Public Health III

Theory and Concepts of Health Behavior

Symptom Evaluation and Management

Special Topics in Violence Research

Advanced Nursing Health Policy

Stress and Stress Response

The Evolving Roles of the Nurse Educator (online)

Statistical Methods in Public Health IV

Writing for Publication (online)

Advanced Seminar in Translational Research

International Health Systems and Research 3

Current Issues and Trends in Cardiovascular Health Promotion Research

Critical Applications of Advanced Statistical Models

Technology and eTools to Conduct, Facilitate, Implement and Manage Research (online)

• Scholarly Research Portfolio for PhD Students

Dissertation Seminar

Dissertation

Sample Course of Study

Statistical Methods in Public Health I & II

Research Residency – 15 hours per week

Comprehensive Examination

Dissertation Seminar*

Dissertation*

Electives (10 credits)

Research Residency – 20 hours per week

Teaching Residency – 10 hours per week

Activities and Responsibilities of the Nurse Scientist

Electives (9 credits)

Preparation for Doctor of Philosophy Board Examination

*PhD students having successfully completed the written Comprehensive Examination must be registered for at least three credits consisting of two credits dissertation advisement plus one credit dissertation seminar each semester they are progressing toward the degree. *Part-time students who have completed the Comprehensive Examination must register for two credits dissertation advisement plus one credit dissertation seminar each semester they are progressing toward the degree after completing half (10) the required elective credits.  *Up to a maximum of 6 credits can be transferred into the PhD Program. ** Per Doctor of Philosophy Board policy, students must either be registered during fall and spring semesters, or be on an approved leave of absence. ***Transfer of credit is granted on an individual basis. Please see the  transfer of credit policy  and ** complete the form  to make a request.

“Prior to joining the PhD program, I felt like I was spinning my wheels. Now I feel empowered to advocate for what I know will help patients and have the tools and soon will have the credentials to do that.” Emily Hoppe, MS, BSN, RN

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Virtual Info Sessions

See recordings of some of our recent virtual info sessons.

Tuition & Other Costs

Financial aid.

View the costs for the PhD Program. 2024-2025

Scholarships & Grants: Grants are awards based on financial need that do not have to be repaid. Many students also benefit from scholarships and awards based on merit. Learn more.

Loans: Many students will avail themselves of loans to help finance their School of Nursing education. If necessary, we encourage you to borrow only what is absolutely essential to cover your educational costs. Learn more.

Frequently Asked Questions

The research area in an admission application should be well-defined but not overly rigid. Candidates should demonstrate a clear focus within their field of interest, outlining specific research questions or problems they aim to address. The proposal should show a solid understanding of current literature and gaps in knowledge, indicating how their research could contribute to the field. While applicants may have a general idea of their methodology and potential outcomes, there should be room for refinement and adaptation as they progress in their studies. The research area should align with the program’s strengths and faculty expertise. Overall, the essay should reflect the applicant’s understanding of the issue, and critical thinking skills, and potential for conducting meaningful research, while still allowing for guidance and development throughout the program.

Although contacting a faculty member in your research area is not required, it is an opportunity to become familiar with researchers in your area of interest and to ask questions not addressed on the school’s website. While it can be helpful to have a direct match, students often have great success in the program when a piece of the research overlaps with the advisor.   If there is a particular faculty member whose work interests you, you may discuss this as part of your application essay.   The best place to start is with the PhD Assistant Director of Recruitment , Laura Panozzo at [email protected] and with a review of our most recent PhD virtual information session at https://nursing.jhu.edu/admissions/index.html .

Once you are admitted to the PhD program and decide to matriculate, the PhD Admissions Committee determines who will be your advisor(s). Generally, one advisor is selected, but in some instances-depending on your research area-two advisors are assigned, one of them serving as the primary advisor and the second serving as a co-advisor. One of the faculty would be your primary advisor and the second would serve as a co-advisor. We try to match students with faculty members who have similar research interests.

The PhD program prepares the nurse scholar to develop and conduct scientific research that advances the theoretical foundation of nursing practice and healthcare delivery. The program is designed to prepare nurses for careers as research scientists, often in academic or governmental positions.

The DNP program prepares nurse leaders for evidence-based practice in both direct patient care and executive roles.   View Comparison Chart

View information about a unique opportunity to earn a dual-degree DNP/PhD.

The time needed to complete the program varies, depending on how fast you progress. Some students in our program finish their degree in three years, others take four years or longer.

Students whose native language is not English are required to take the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). Johns Hopkins School of Nursing requires a minimum TOEFL-IBT score of 100 to be eligible for admission. More

The PhD program has a Biostatistics heavy curriculum so previous coursework in Biostatistics is helpful.  We encourage students that have not had previous coursework in this area, or have not taken the coursework in the past five years, to look for ways to strengthen that knowledge base before matriculating into the program.  Please reach out to Laura Panozzo, Assistant Director of Recruitment, at [email protected] for a list of resources to help you prepare while applying and before matriculating into the program. 

GRE scores are accepted but not required.

The PhD program is a full time, onsite program only. 

Students should expect to spend 15 hours a week on campus on their funded research residency in collaboration with their faculty advisor for all three years that they receive full funding.  Students should expect to spend an additional 15-20 hours per week on coursework.

Coursework completed outside the United States must be evaluated and translated into US equivalencies.  Official transcript evaluations must be submitted as part of the application process, and applications will not be considered complete until all evaluations for any work completed outside the United States are received.  The Johns Hopkins School of Nursing recommends WES-ICAP .

Pathway to PhD Nursing Scholars Program

PhD in Nursing

Preparing students for careers as scholars, nurse scientists, and academics ready to contribute to nursing science, knowledge, theory, and practice through systematic inquiry..

PhD in nursing students will, by graduation, demonstrate advanced knowledge of nursing, related sciences and humanities, and methods of inquiry, expand the research base of nursing theory and practice, and work with others to serve the Commonwealth, the nation, and the world by addressing major nursing and healthcare issues through research and in a scholarly manner. Every year, UVA's PhD nursing students earn grants to support their doctoral studies, and many publish and present around Virginia, the U.S., and internationally.

wide-ranging professional opportunities for PhDs

$108,306 average nurse faculty salary

PhD program is fully-funded

ranked among the nation's best

UVA's PhD in nursing program is focused on research, and the curriculum includes courses in qualitative, quantitative, and historical research. Over the course of the program, all PhD students submit a research proposal for peer review, and many submit proposals to the NIHNR's annual service awards competition.

Because research is a critical element of the PhD program, we seek to admit students whose scholarly interests are congruent with those of our faculty who pursue nursing science across topics in aging, health disparities and health equity, and healthcare technology. A list of faculty eligible to chair PhD student committees is available on the School's Faculty Directory page .

• World-class scholar-mentors exploring topics across three focus areas: Aging, health equity and health disparities, and healthcare technology
• 4 years' tuition + generous annual stipends for graduate teaching assistantships for ALL admitted students
• Powerful development of students' grant and scholarly writing, and ample opportunities and funding to present at major conferences
• Loan forgiveness programs if pursuing full-time careers in academia
• Deadline to apply:   December 1  (for entry the following fall)

Upcoming PhD Info Sessions

Phd info session sept 18.

Register for the live virtual info session on September 18th, 2024 at 5:30 PM

PhD Info Session Oct 23

Register for the live virtual info session on Oct 23rd, 2024 at 5:30 PM

PhD, Years 1 to 3 [full-time] - Fall and Spring Terms

PhD Tuition, Year 4+ [full-time] - Fall and Spring Terms

Supplemental Fees

PhD Tuition - January Term

PhD Tuition - Summer Term

All applicants for the PhD must possess at least a BSN. Many also possess an MSN and are nurse practitioners. Nurses who have earned other graduate degrees, including master's of public health, MBAs, or MS in health administration degrees, are also encouraged to apply.

To be considered for the PhD program, applicants must:

• Submit a completed application to the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences (not the School of Nursing) and pay an $85 application fee
• Have at least a baccalaureate degree in nursing from a nationally accredited program and a minimum "B" average
• Submit transcripts for all post-secondary work
• Submit three letters of reference that speak to the applicant's ability to pursue doctoral studies (two must be from doctorally-prepared nurse educators and one may be from a current or recent employer)
• Submit a CV reflecting professional achievements and productivity
• Submit an essay (1,000 words or fewer) describing the applicant's educational, research, and professional goals, including a specific description of the planned focus of study and a researchable topic for development
• Have completed a recent course in statistics (with software applications) and a statistics prerequisite (one option is to complete courses 1 to 3 of this series and submit a certificate of completion) 
• Be available for an interview with one or more faculty members (conducted in Charlottesville or via Zoom as needed)
• International applicants have  additional requirements  
• The Graduate Record Exam (GRE) is no longer required to apply to the PhD program but applicants may provide scores if they choose (UVA's institutional code is R-5820)

Required courses (32-33 credits)

• GNUR 8000: Seminar in Nursing Science (2 credits)
• GNUR 8110: Quantitative Research Methods (3 credits)
• GNUR 8120: Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods (3 credits)
• GNUR 8130: Statistical Methods for Health Care Research I (3 credits)
• GNUR 8140: Statistical Methods for Health Care Research II (3 credits)
• GNUR 8210: Scholarly Writing for Nursing Science (3 credits)
• GNUR 8220: Philosophy of Science and Development of Nursing Knowledge (3 credits)
• GNUR 8230: Historical Inquiry in Nursing (3 credits)
• GNUR 8410: Grant Writing Seminar (3 credits)
• GNUR 8435: Scholarship in Research Ethics (1 creditGNUR 9110: Research Practicum (1-4 credits; total of 4 credits are required)
• GNUR 9890: Dissertation Seminar (enroll post-comprehensive exam; 1 credit)
• GNUR 9998: Doctoral Research (enroll pre-dissertation proposal defense; 1-12 credits)

GNUR 9998: Dissertation Research (enroll post-dissertation proposal defense; 3-12 credits. A total of 12 credit hours of GNUR 9999 are required.)

Cognates (9-12 credits)

Requirement includes course work in a single field or combination of fields outside of nursing that complement the student’s major scholarly focus. Cognates plus electives must total at least 15 credits.

Electives (3-6 credits)

Electives are selected on the basis of individual interest and should complement the total program of study. Cognates plus electives must total at least 15 credits.

Research Practicum (4 credits)

Requirement includes a total of 4 credit hours in GNUR 9110. All 4 credits do not need to be completed in the same semester.

Dissertation (12 credits)

Dissertation is a culminating experience that requires the student to plan and implement a research study of significance to nursing.

All students admitted to the PhD program are eligible for four years of scholarship to cover tuition, insurance, and fees, in exchange for serving as a graduate teaching assistant for 10 hours per week. 

The School also offers financial support programs to students considering full-time faculty positions through the Nurse Faculty Loan Program and the Virginia Nurse Faculty Loan. Through the Nurse Faculty Loan Program, funded by the Health Resources and Services Administration, an arm of the federal government, doctoral students may borrow funds for their academic expenses (tuition and books). If they become a full-time faculty member at any accredited institution, up to 85% of the loan (principal and interest) is forgiven.

Doctoral students enrolled in UVA’s PhD or DNP programs who are planning on teaching full-time in Virginia can apply to the Virginia Nurse Faculty Loan program. Students may be eligible to borrow up to $25,000 per year during the coursework phase of their programs. This loans is eligible for cancelation if graduates go on to teach full-time at any public or private nursing education program in Virginia for four years.

Austin Stajduhar, M.Ed.

Assistant dean for admissions (434) 924-0066 [email protected]

Set up a one-on-one admissions advising meeting

Kathryn Laughon, PhD, RN, FAAN, SANE-A/SANE-P

PhD Program Lead (434) 924-1985 [email protected]

Book a half-hour, one-on-one PhD admissions advising session

Want to learn more?

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Outlook for PhD in Nursing Salary

Research has shown that less than 1% of all nurses in this country hold a doctorate degree, whether that is a Ph.D. or the DNP (Doctor of Nursing Practice). However, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) has released The Future of Nursing Report, together with the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, in which they have set the goal of having twice as many doctoral nurses in the workforce by 2020. To achieve this, they are pushing to have 10% of all newly qualified bachelor’s degree (BSN) registered nurses (RNs) into a master’s degree (MSN) and then Ph.D. or DNP within no more than five years after they graduate.

There is a huge demand for nurses with a doctorate degree, not in the least because there is such a shortage of nurse educators. If the stock of nurse educators is not replenished, there will be no way to educate tomorrow’s nursing workforce either. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) have therefore put out a call to all nurses to commit to furthering their education.

The outlook for Ph.D. in Nursing graduates is incredibly strong. Exactly how strong, however, will vary depending on what they plan to do after graduation. Different positions are available to them, each of which attracts a different salary. As such:

• Nurse Researchers can expect to earn around $95,000 per year. They can also increase this by speaking at events and conferences, consulting, teaching, and writing books.
• Nurse Practitioners, who continue to work directly with patients in a clinical role, can expect to earn around $98,826 per year. They may also be able to prescribe medication.
• Clinical Nurse Specialists, who mainly work in an advisory role for various conditions, can earn as much as $120,000 per year.
• Nurse Anesthetists, working alongside the anesthesiologist in surgeries, can expect to earn around $81,162 per year.
• Nurse Midwives, who help in antenatal and postnatal care, as well as during deliveries, can earn as much as $102,670 per year.
• Nurse Educators, who train tomorrow’s nursing workforce, earn in excess of $111,870 per year.

There are various other factors, besides exact role, that affect the expected salary of a Ph.D. in Nursing graduate, however.

#1 Your Job Location

Once you have completed your DNP or Ph.D., you will be responsible for problem solving in your workplace, as well as educating the rest of the workforce. You can do this in:

• Surgical and general medical hospitals, where you can influence the treatment plans of patients. At the same time, you are likely to conduct research and drive policy so that health care outcomes are improved.
• Public health offices, where you will be responsible for influencing national and local health officials and policy makers, ensuring that they find solutions to health problems that are smart and based on research.
• Research facilities, which are particularly suitable for those with a Ph.D.. In this role, you will generally research the various health and medical issues that today’s people face. You may also try to uncover new solutions and cures for these health problems.
• Independent practice, whereby you will have the flexibility of determining when you work and who you work with. Furthermore, you are the end responsible for the treatment you feel is appropriate for your patients.
• Physicians’ offices, where you can manage other nursing staff and essentially work independently, but without the stresses of starting your own practice.
• Universities, whereby you can teach the next generation of nurses.

Each of these types of jobs attracts different levels of pay. However, it is not uncommon for Ph.D. in Nursing graduates to earn a six figure income, regardless of where they work.

#2 Geographical Location

The geographical location of your work also has a significant impact on how much you can earn. Generally speaking, larger metropolitan areas attract far higher salaries than rural areas. Certain states also traditionally pay more than other states. However, in general, the areas that attract higher salaries also often have a higher cost of living. Hence, you do need to work out whether you will actually be earning more in terms of your disposable income.

Statistics on Doctorate Educated Nurses

A number of pieces of research have been completed on the salaries of nurses, particularly in comparing doctorate degree nurses to MSN nurses. The American Organization of Nurse Executives (AONE) 2013 Salary and Compensation Study for Nurse Leaders found that:

• Executive leadership nurses can earn between $120,000 and $300,000 per year.
• DNP nurses earn an average of $7,689 per year more than MSN degree holders.

The outlook for Ph.D. in Nursing graduates is incredibly positive, as you can see, so much so in fact, that employers are fighting over each other to attract any nurses who hold this advanced degree because there are so few of them. This puts you in a unique position of being able to negotiate not just on your annual salary, but also your other benefits. These include things such as retirement plans, medical and life insurance, childcare support, paid vacation, bonuses, commissions, and more. While it is certainly true that obtaining a Ph.D. in Nursing takes a significant investment of both time and money, most would agree that it is an investment worth making.

• Nursing Faculty Shortage. (2015, Mar. 16) Retrieved from http://www.aacn.nche.edu/media-relations/fact-sheets/nursing-faculty-shortage
• The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. (n.d.) Retrieved from http://nursinglink.monster.com/benefits/articles/126-the-future-of-nursing-leading-change-advancing-health
• What Is the Average Salary with a DNP Degree? (n.d.) Retrieved from http://nursejournal.org/dnp-programs/what-is-the-average-salary-with-a-dnp-degree/
• The Voice of Nursing Leadership – Salary and Compensation Study for Nurse Leaders – 2013 Edition.(n.d.) Retrieved from http://www.aone.org/resources/nurse-leaders-compensation-summary.pdf
• Career Outlook: DNP. (n.d.) Retrieved from https://www.stfrancis.edu/academics/college-of-nursing/dnp/career-outlook/
• DNP Fact Sheet. (2016, Apr.) Retrieved from http://www.aacn.nche.edu/media-relations/fact-sheets/dnp
• IOM Future of Nursing Report. (2010, Oct.) Retrieved from http://www.aacn.nche.edu/media-relations/fact-sheets/dnp

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Doctoral Degrees

Top Careers for RNs with a Doctorate in Nursing

Home » PhD and DNP Degrees » Top Careers for RNs with a Doctorate in Nursing

Nursing is a calling for most RNs , and many want to continue their education to further their careers and take an even greater leadership role in the field. A doctorate in nursing is the terminal degree for nurses who want to expand their current roles, move into management and leadership positions, conduct clinical research or pursue employment in higher education.

A number of career possibilities exist for nurses with a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Nursing or a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP).

Here are some of the top jobs that are available for nurses with a doctorate in nursing.

Nurse faculty

A career in nursing education is a great option for nurses who want to prepare future nurses and are interested in nursing research. The shortage of qualified nursing faculty has been well documented by nursing organizations and in professional research.

A survey released by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing in October 2018 found a total of 1,715 vacant faculty positions at 872 nursing schools, with a national vacancy rate of 7.9%. More than 90% of those vacancies were for faculty positions requiring or preferring a doctoral degree, the survey found.

A PhD in Nursing is a research-focused degree and is generally the most common doctoral degree for nurse faculty, although some nurse educators hold a DNP in nursing. The average salary for nursing instructors and teachers in higher education was $81,300 in 2018, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, while those on the higher end of the pay scale can make $130,000 or more.

While salaries for nurse educators may not go as high as some occupations with advanced nursing degrees, faculty members typically work shorter hours and may face less stress than most practicing nurses.

Nurse anesthetist

One of the more lucrative career options for advanced practice registered nurses with a doctoral degree is that of nurse anesthetist. Certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs) administer anesthesia to patients for surgical and other medical procedures and are the sole anesthesia providers in nearly all rural hospitals, according to the AACN.

The average annual salary for nurse anesthetists was nearly $175,000 in 2018. In several states, such as Montana, California, Iowa, Oregon and Wisconsin, average annual wages for CRNAs top $200,000, according to BLS.

The most common doctoral degrees for nurse anesthetists are the DNP or Doctor of Nurse Anesthesia Practice (DNAP). By 2025, the Council on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthesia Educational Programs , which accredits nurse anesthesia programs in the U.S. and Puerto Rico, will require all new CRNAs to have doctoral degrees.

Nurse practitioner

A doctorate in nursing also is very valuable to those who are looking to become nurse practitioners . NPs are “clinicians who assess, diagnose and treat acute chronic illnesses, as well as counsel, coordinate care and educate patients regarding their illnesses,” according to the website of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners .

NPs work in a variety of settings , including private practice, hospital outpatient clinics, inpatient hospital units, emergency rooms, urgent care facilities, community health centers and Federally Qualified Health Centers.

Working as a nurse practitioner comes with many benefits. NPs have greater authority in diagnosing and treating patients and prescribing medications, and many states now allow nurse practitioners to practice independently without physician oversight.

Nurse practitioners also make significantly higher salaries than other nurses, with average annual earnings of about $110,000. While a doctorate in nursing is not required to become a nurse practitioner, the AACN supports moving the standard preparation level for advanced nursing practice from a master’s to a doctoral degree. A growing number of students that are considering careers as NPs are enrolling in DNP programs.

Nurse leader

Nurses who want to move into top management and leadership roles in hospitals, nursing homes and other health systems can benefit from a doctorate in nursing.

Some of those positions include CNO, chief nurse executive, director of nursing, nursing administrator, nurse manager and health system president or CEO. A 2019 survey of nurse leaders conducted by the American Organization for Nursing Leadership found that most nursing leaders’ annual salaries ranged from $90,000 to $169,000, with those at the top end of the pay scale earning more than $250,000 a year.

While a doctorate in nursing may not be required for all of these positions, it can certainly help improve a nurse’s chances of moving into leadership or management roles.

Nurse scientist/researcher

Nurse scientists or nurse researchers are dedicated to the study of nursing research. They conduct scientific studies, collect data and present their findings, often partnering with researchers from other fields, such as medicine, pharmacy and nutrition to address complex healthcare questions or problems, according to an article .

While nurse researchers often work as faculty at colleges and universities, they also can work at hospitals, research laboratories or other healthcare facilities. Many of these jobs require a PhD in Nursing or DNP degree. The average salary for a nurse scientist is about $95,000.

Nurse informatics

For nurses with an interest in information technology and analytics, a career in nurse informatics may be a good option. Nursing informatics is “a specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science and information science to manage and communicate data, information, knowledge and wisdom in nursing practice,” according to the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society .

A doctorate in nursing is not required for all nurse informatics roles, but it could be beneficial when applying for higher-level positions such as chief nurse informatics officer. Salaries vary for nursing informatics roles depending upon skill level and geographic area, but the average salary for a chief nursing informatics officer is $109,072, with those in some areas of the country making upward of $200,000.

While these are some of the potential roles for nurses with doctoral degrees, many other career options are available. Some of the other roles that can benefit from an advanced nursing degree include clinical nurse specialist, certified nurse-midwife (CNM) and public health and public policy nurses.

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New Graduate Registered Nurse Salary in the United States

New graduate registered nurse salary.

How much does a New Graduate Registered Nurse make in the United States? The average New Graduate Registered Nurse salary in the United States is $70,699 as of August 27, 2024, but the salary range typically falls between $64,105 and $79,687 . Salary ranges can vary widely depending on many important factors, including education , certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession. With more online, real-time compensation data than any other website, Salary.com helps you determine your exact pay target.

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What is a New Graduate Registered Nurse ?

A Registered Nurse (RN) is a nurse who has graduated from a nursing program and met the requirements outlined by a country, state, province or similar licensing body to obtain a nursing license. An RN's scope of practice is determined by legislation, and is regulated by a professional body or council. Registered nurses are employed in a wide variety of professional settings, and often specialize in a field of practice. They may be responsible for supervising care delivered by other healthcare workers, including student nurses, licensed practical nurses, unlicensed assistive personnel, and les...

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RN Salary – What to Expect

How is Salary Determined for RNs?

Average rn salary breakdown by state in 2024, how much does an rn make per hour, rn employment projections.

Note : The amount of money Registered Nurses (RNs) make varies by state, specialty, experience, certifications held, degree held, and facility.

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Pay for RNs varies by location of employment, education, and experience level.

Salary by Location

The base salary for registered nurses can vary widely, as can the cost of living for cities and states across the country. Locations that are more expensive to live in, such as San Francisco, Los Angeles, and New York City, pay RNs more than places where housing and other costs are more affordable. Similar to other professions, healthcare and medical employers want to pay nurses competitive wages that more than keep up with the costs of living in those areas.

Highly sought-after locations where people tend to vacation, such as Hawaii, may have a high cost of living but pay less because so many nurses want to work in these tropical paradises. The supply of nurses is high, so facilities can pay less and still attract skilled nurses simply because of the location. However, the same also holds true for the opposite types of locations, such as rural small towns or communities with a lower quality of life. That is, hospitals and clinics in these less sought-after locations tend to pay more to attract and retain good nurses.

So, it's a smart move to weigh the pros and cons of various cities and states when searching for a nursing job. For some nurses, the benefits of taking a high-paying job in a rural community that has a tremendous need might be worth the downsides. For others, taking a high-paying position in an expensive city might be the preferred option. Either way, the nursing salary should be considered with the cost of living in that area.

Nurses with an adventurous spirit may consider becoming travel nurses . These well-compensated nurses journey to high-need facilities and clinics to provide urgent patient care. Sometimes, room and board is included. During Covid-19, travel nurses gained recognition when they ventured to cities to support local RNs coping with community surges. Becoming a travel nurse can be a great way to experience the full spectrum of the nursing profession.

RELATED :  RN License Transfer and NLC Guide

RN Salary By Experience

In addition to formal education, registered nurses can earn more as they gain more years of experience. For the licensed registered nurse, experience can sometimes trump education. That is, RNs with associate's degrees and several years of experience will often earn more than new graduate nurses with BSNs. However, bachelor's-educated nurses will likely catch up and advance their careers more quickly. Moreover, many hospital systems are now opting to hire RNs with a BSN at minimum, which means that bachelor’s-educated nurses may have more job opportunities than their ADN and nursing diploma counterparts.

When starting out, many facilities have a set pay scale, and years of experience is the largest factor in determining starting salary. Hospitals with nursing unions can influence this pay structure.

Eventually, the nurse with the higher education level will be able to take on leadership and specialty roles and therefore earn a higher salary. Nurses with ADNs will likely stay in the same or similar roles and be assigned routine positions with less authority. Bridge programs such as the RN to BSN and RN to MSN can help ADN and diploma-educated nurses advance if they wish to expand their earning potential.

RN Salary By Nursing Degree or Education

Over time, nurses with greater education levels tend to get paid more than nurses with less education. Research has shown that hospitals that employ nurses with higher education levels such as BSNs have reduced mortality rates, better patient outcomes, and improved job satisfaction. This, and the ever-growing supply of nurses with advanced degrees, motivates healthcare employers to seek and hire registered nurses with more education.

To ensure maximum salary-earning potential over the long term, it is wise for nurses to earn bachelor's or advanced degrees and certifications. The investment made into attaining a BSN , MSN , or certificate in nursing will pay off in the long run; it will never be viewed as negative on a resume. Nurses who increase their education level and clinical expertise are rewarded on a personal and professional level.

RNs who earn higher degrees can take on greater patient care and clinical responsibilities, which therefore earns them higher salaries. They can also serve as team leads or work in preferred units rather than in those that are assigned to them.

Nurses with bachelor's degrees can complete certifications to specialize. Though it can vary, obtaining a certification often enables the nurse to earn higher compensation over time. Read more about available nursing certifications .

BSN Salary and Job Outlook

Certifications and education level play a major role when determining pay. Typically, nurses receive a pay bump of 3-5% of their salary for earning a higher-level degree.

For example, critical care nurses with the CCRN certification (Certification for Adult, Pediatric, and Neonatal Critical Care Nurses) can add a 3-5% increase in hourly pay depending on the facility. Similar certifications are available for almost every specialty. See our section on Certifications in Nursing .

Registered nurses who hold a BSN instead of an ADN can also attain higher salaries. The amount of increase depends on the facility, but a 3-5% raise is standard.

In addition to annual pay increases, more hospitals and employers are offering sign-on bonuses to nurses, particularly in areas experiencing acute shortages . Such bonuses, which tend to range from $2,000 to $10,000, tend to come with conditions that require the nurse to maintain the job for a certain number of years. Bonuses are typically awarded over time rather than as a lump sum; they are usually offered for challenging jobs that are hard to fill.

Associate's Degree RN vs BSN Salary Comparison

Generally speaking, a nurse with an Associate's Degree will be offered a lower salary than a nurse with a Bachelor's Degree provided they have similar experience levels. Nurses with associate's degrees who enroll in a bachelor's program will typically be given a bump in pay once the BSN is completed. Some hospitals and employers will incentivize nurses to return to school by offering partial tuition reimbursement.

Regarding salary, nurses with years of experience can make up for the lack of a bachelor's degree. It's common for such a nurse to earn more than a less experienced bachelor's educated RN who is just starting out. Over time, however, the bachelor's-prepared nurse will likely earn more.

It's important to note that nurses with BSNs are fast becoming preferred job candidates for top-rated hospitals and medical facilities. As the BSN becomes the standard degree for RNs, more high-paying opportunities will be awarded to these nurses.

MSN Salary and Job Outlook

As nurses gain experience, many find themselves wanting to pursue graduate degrees to either specialize or become unit leaders. Nurses with a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) may work in private practices, emergency or acute care settings, outpatient settings, and more.

Specialties are dependent upon the type of program the nurse chooses to pursue. Such nurses can opt to stay within their realm of experience or choose to pursue a different specialty altogether.

Earning a master's degree enables an RN to become an advanced practice RN or nursing leader. By becoming nurse practitioners or clinical nurse specialists, they take on greater patient care responsibilities and can practice nursing with greater autonomy.

As such, these advanced practice nurses are offered higher compensation levels. For example, the median salary for a certified nurse practitioner is $128,490, according to 2023 data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics ; earning a master's degree can often pay off exponentially.

DNP Salary & Job Outlook

Read our overview of DNP salary .

The Doctorate in Nursing Practice ( DNP ) is a relatively new degree in the field of nursing. Many nurses with a DNP choose to pursue a career in research or education. Others pursue leadership careers in healthcare policy development or public health. Some nurse practitioner programs are offering the DNP in anticipation of it becoming the standard in the future.

Salary tends to increase in nursing with increased education. That is, the DNP-educated nurse likely will have the opportunity to earn more than a nurse with a lower degree.

More about APRN salaries:  nurse practitioner salary , nurse midwife salary , nurse anesthetist salary

RELATED : Male vs Female Nurse Salary

As mentioned previously, the salary breakdown for an RN can vary widely by state. Cost of living as well as nursing supply and demand play a critical role in determining salary. Pay can also vary by specialty, as hospitals try to recruit RNs in a particular area based on where they have shortages. Labor and delivery, operating room, emergency, oncology, and intensive care nurses can earn higher wages as they are more in demand. Medical-surgical or pediatric nursing positions may pay slightly less due to lower demand and ample supply.

Each facility usually has a set compensation range to offer new graduate nurses. From there, it can go up with annual raises. Many facilities have an established pay structure based on years of experience.

Registered Nursing Salary Table

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), RNs made an average of $61.78 per hour in 2023 (latest available data). California RNs led the way with a whopping $77.66 mean hourly wage, with the San Jose, CA Metro Area coming in with an hourly mean wage of $91.95; all of the top-paying metro areas were in California. The state also has one of the country’s highest costs of living, which should not be overlooked by RNs considering relocation.

The table below shows the projected employment growth of nurses over a 10-year period. As can be seen, the nursing profession is expected to see quite a sizable growth.

Nurse Salary: How Much Do Nurses Make?

What is the average nurse salary.

• Salary by State
• Nurse Salary by Career Type
• Highest-Paid RNs
• Salary by Degree
• Salary by Years of Experience
• Salary by Gender
• Per Diem vs Contract RN
• Salaries by Specialty
• How Nurses Are Paid
• Additional Compensation
• Negotiation

How much money do nurses make? The median annual salary for nurses in the United States is  $86,070 per year or $41.38 per hour , according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). However, that figure ranges across nurses with different degrees, experience, specialties, locations, and several other factors.

To better understand how these factors may impact your individual nursing salary, we asked the Nurse.org community to weigh in. 3,000 U.S. nurses answered our salary survey, sharing where they are in their nursing careers, how much they make, and a number of factors that contribute to what they earn.

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WGU's award-winning online programs are created to help you succeed while graduating faster and with less debt. WGU is a CCNE accredited, nonprofit university offering nursing bachelor's and master's degrees.

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Enrollment: Nationwide, excluding NY, RI and CT. Certain programs have additional state restrictions. Check with Walden for details.

• MSN - Psychiatric-Mental Health NP
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Nurse Salary by State

The city and state where you work are some of the biggest factors that impact your nursing income. The cost of living in certain areas often affects nursing salaries, and some states pay considerably less than others. For example, the average nurse salary in California may be much higher than in Nebraska across all specialty areas.

Use this table to compare nursing salaries in all 50 United States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico:

Source:  May 2022 BLS National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates, Median Nurse Salary by State

Nurse Salary by Career Type 

The biggest factor that impacts how much you'll make as a nurse is your career type. Entry-level roles like certified nursing assistants (CNAs) will earn a lot less than advanced practice roles like nurse practitioners (NPs) and Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs).

Use this table to compare median salaries from the most common nursing careers:

Source:  May 2023 BLS National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates

Which Nurses Get Paid the Most?

Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists earn the most out of all nursing specialties. However, there are several other nursing careers you can pursue to rake in some more money. Some of the highest-paying nursing jobs include the following:

• Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist - $212,650
• Certified Nurse Midwife - $129,650
• Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner - $120,450
• General Nurse Practitioner - $126,260
• Clinical Nurse Specialist - $124,463

Registered Nurse Salary by Degree

Earning higher degrees and certifications may help increase your nursing salary. In this section, we'll discuss how different education levels impact nurses' incomes.

ADN vs BSN Salary

While the BLS doesn’t differentiate between nurses who’ve earned an Associate’s Degree in Nursing (ADN) versus those who’ve earned a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN), what degree you have DOES impact how much you can make.

Amongst the ADN- and BSN-prepared nurses we polled, we found that BSN nurses were earning, on average, $3.89 more per hour than ADNs!³

Master's Degree in Nursing (MSN) Salary

Nurses with a master's degree have an opportunity to earn significantly more money in their careers. Across the MSN nurses we polled, the average hourly pay was $52.61, and the average annual salary was $131,309.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics , the median pay for masters-educated nurses is $129,480 per year or $62.25 per hour.  

DNP and Ph.D. in Nursing Salaries

Doctors of Nursing Practice (DNPs) and Doctors of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in nursing have the highest level of nursing education. Therefore, they also have some of the highest salaries among nursing professionals. DNP nurses earn an average annual base salary of $112,000, according to Payscale .

RN Salary by Years of Experience

Nurses across the board start their careers with a lower-paying salary than experienced RNs. Our poll found that the average hourly starting wage for nurses was  $29.04.

As novice nurses gain on-the-job experience, they will earn higher salaries. Hourly pay increased by years of experience in all the nurses we surveyed, with the average salary for a nurse with 20+ years on the job coming in at $41.14 -- $12.10 more per hour than a nurse at the start of their career! 4

>> Related: Nurse Starting Salary Guide

Nurse Salary by Gender

The US Bureau of Labor Statistics states that 12.6% of registered nurses are men, a considerable increase from 2.7% in the 1970s.

Even though nursing is still a female-dominated profession, there is evidence that  male nurses are earning more than female nurses for the same work - even when controlling for differences in career trajectory and on-the-job experience. 

One study from the University of California San Francisco found that male nurses were earning about $5,000 a year more than their female counterparts in the same job. 

Our own study confirmed this finding, with male nurses who responded to our survey reporting earning an average of $2.73 per hour more than their female counterparts. 5

Per Diem vs Contract Nurse Salary

As a nurse, your hours aren’t always cut and dry. In addition to full-time and part-time options, nurses can also work per diem or on contracts. 

• Per Diem Nursing: Per diem literally means "by the day," and it describes a style of on-call nursing. Per diem nurses get to pick their schedules and don't have to meet minimum shift requirements.
• Contract Nursing: Contract nurses work a set amount of hours for the duration of their contract with a hospital or facility. This guarantees the stability of full-time hours and benefits, but you may have to work weekends or holidays.

4.5% of nurses in our poll worked per diem hours, while 3.6% worked on contracts. 6

RN Salaries by Specialty

RN salaries also vary based on your specialty. According to the nurses we polled, the highest-paying specialty was the OR, where nurses earned, on average, $51.47 per hour. The next two highest-paying were Endoscopy at $43.68 hourly and ICU at $43.15 hourly. 7

How Do Nurses Get Paid?

Nurses get paid either an hourly rate or an annual salary. Our survey found that most nurses are being paid hourly.¹

What Kinds of Nurses Get Paid Hourly?

In general, nurses who work in direct patient care areas are paid an hourly wage. This includes ADN, BSN, MSN, NP, and DNP nurses.

For example, if a patient care RN earns an hourly wage of $50 an hour and works 12-hour shifts, they will make $50 x 12 = $600 per shift.  

What Kinds of Nurses Get Paid a Salary?

Nurses in administrative roles tend to receive a salary. Salary means their employer pays them a pre-arranged, fixed amount of money.

For example, if an RN makes a salary of $80,000 per year to work as a Unit Director for an Intensive Care Unit, they can divide their total yearly salary by 12 months to figure out how much money they can expect to receive each month (which comes out to $6,666 per month).

In these circumstances, the total number of hours worked is not the most important factor. However, the expectation is still that they are putting in full-time hours in the workplace.

In addition to a salary, some RN hospital administrators are often also incentivized with end-of-year bonuses in addition to their salaries.    

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Additional Compensation for Nurses

For nurses, the base salary is just the beginning. 96% of nurses responded that they earned some form of additional compensation.² This can be achieved in a number of ways, including overtime, shift differentials, stipends for associated nursing expenses, or bonuses.

The most common form of additional compensation is overtime, with 34% of the nurses we polled reporting that they receive it. 

What is Overtime Pay?

Overtime pay refers to hours that are worked by a nurse that exceed their normal weekly scheduled working hours. Full-time for nurses is usually 36-40 hours per week. Anything over that is "overtime."

How Much is Overtime Pay for Nurses?

Most institutions will offer time-and-a-half or double-time pay for overtime or holiday hours. So a nurse making $50 would make $75 or $100 an hour for each overtime hour worked.  

That is also one of the reasons that some nurses want to work on holidays such as Christmas or Thanksgiving. They have an opportunity to increase their paychecks by working the same amount of hours as they usually would.  

Shift Differentials

Getting paid more for shift differentials is also common. 24% of the nurses we talked to said they got additional money for this.

What is a Shift Differential?

A shift differential is additional per-hour compensation for nurses who work shifts considered to be less desirable, such as mid-shifts, graveyard shifts, or weekend shifts. 

A shift differential can also help encourage nurses to work these shifts and ensure adequate staffing. In many cases, nurses will work a certain number of weekend or night shifts anyway. Still, the shift differential helps nurses feel more appreciated for working hours that they wouldn't have chosen to work themselves. It can also help with nurse retention in some cases.

How Much is a Shift Differential?

A shift differential may be anywhere from $2 to $8 per hour, which can add to a significant increase in pay at the end of a shift. 

Some nurses who have worked the night shift for many years are hesitant to move into day shifts because they do not want the pay cut that they would take by switching to non-differential day shift hours.

Bonuses were less common, with 11% of nurses reporting that they receive bonuses.

What are Bonuses?

Bonuses can be earned at the end of the year or for other reasons such as accreditation, retention, picked-up shifts, specialties, performance, and even COVID-19. 

In some cases, administrative RNs are incentivized through end-of-year bonuses to find ways to save the hospital money by switching to less expensive products, lowering hospital infection rates, increasing patient satisfaction scores, or improving patient outcomes in some way. 

Each institution sets its bonuses differently depending on what financial and patient care goals they are striving to reach.

Negotiating as a Nurse: Real Nurses Share Their Advice

Many nurses wonder about whether or not they should be negotiating their salary, and it’s especially hard for new nurses to know how to navigate this. That’s why we asked our community of nurses to weigh in. Here’s what you had to say:

1. ALWAYS Negotiate

@ wholelifenurse

“1. Understand the answer is always no if you don’t ask. 

2. Recruiters will always tell you they go by a grid or pay scale, and they can’t negotiate (lies - everything is negotiable). If you can present value that you bring to the table that benefits them, ESPECIALLY value and evidence that you can save them money, you have leverage for what you want. 

3. Know the market 

4. Having other offers on the table from local hospitals can get you the number you need. 

5. Have a folder of “evidence” -remember, in a negotiation, you’re a lawyer trying to win your case - prove you’re worth the number you’re asking for.

 6. You can negotiate more than just pay....so yes, you can negotiate at a union (also, all unions are treated differently). 

7. Realize that you are working alongside people with the same experience who are making more money than you hourly simply because they asked... ALWAYS negotiate! ❤️ “

2. Be Prepared to Walk Away

“Be mentally prepared to quit if need be... I negotiated for a raise after I won a state safety award (from a nomination from our medical director), did charge, tech, precept, pick up shifts, etc. I hadn’t gotten a decent raise for 5 years. They said no. So I quit and got a job that paid me my worth. 🤷🏾‍♀️”

3. Know Your Worth

@ nurse_haskins

“1. ALWAYS be ready to NEGOTIATE your WORTH’ meaning “WHY YOU ARE WORTH MORE,” whether it’s your credentials, years of experience, contributions to the organization ( past/resume), skillset, certifications, etc......

2. ALWAYS be READY to SHOWCASE who you are❤️ YES, you can brag on YOURSELF 💛 you’ve worked hard, and you should be proud, explaining professionally; Why THEY need YOU and what you have to bring to the table!!”

4. They Expect You to Negotiate 

@ danawarner00

“First, management / HR is trained and taught to do interview questions, and one of the questions that they are always told to be prepared to answer is negotiating pay raise. They should always be aware that anyone doing an interview can ask for it, and when someone asks, they just need to hear a good reason as to why they need it. That’s it. They should say yes if they hear a good reason or that you bring something to the table (experience, degree, certification, etc). You can always tell them your worth, and that if you were to work there, you would not be happy with the pay, you could leave ... so you need the initiative to stay for a while and your worth is high due to experience, degree, etc.” 

5. Don’t Give Up!

@ Nurseboss721

“mention your worth, work ethics, and previous offers from other employers. Continue to negotiate until you get what you are worth. It works for me, and I’m always ready to negotiate with anyone👊🏾”

Get That Money

Nurse salaries vary based on a lot of different factors, but there are a ton of ways to make more money as a nurse. As long as you are willing to work hard and learn, you’ll be able to find ways to keep increasing your salary year after year.

Find Nursing Programs

What kind of nurses get paid the most .

• Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists are the highest-paid RNs, with an average salary of $212,650, according to the BLS.  

How can a nurse make 100k a year? 

• Becoming an Advanced Practice RN, such as an NP or CRNA, Nurse Educator, Clinical Nurse Specialist, or trying travel nursing may help ensure a higher 100K salary. 

Are male nurses paid more? 

• Nurse.org’s survey found a pay disparity of $2.73/hr between male and female nurses, with male nurses earning more. 

How long does it take to become a nurse?

• An associate’s degree in nursing (ADN) typically takes 2-3 years, while a Bachelor’s in nursing could take between 4-5 years. If you have a Bachelor’s degree in another field, you can earn an accelerated nursing degree in 1 to 1.5 years.

Is it hard to become a nurse? 

• Some programs are more competitive and rigorous than others, but all accredited nursing programs are required to prepare students to take the NCLEX exam adequately. 

Are you curious about what other healthcare professions pay? Check out these salary guides:

• CRNA Salary  
• NP Salary  
• Medical Billing and Coding Salary  
• Pharmacy Technician Salary
• Medical Assistant Salary  

1 How are Nurses Paid? 533 answered, "I'm paid an annual salary." 2278 answered, "I'm paid hourly."

2 407 of 422 nurses responded yes to the question, “Do you earn any additional compensation? Overtime, bonuses, etc.? 143 said they receive overtime pay, 103 said they receive shift differential pay, 48 said they receive bonuses, 16 said they receive compensation for nursing expenses, and 15 said they receive no additional compensation. Across 436 ADNs polled, their average hourly pay was $37.09. Across 572 BSNs polled, their average hourly pay was $39.33.

3 Across 121 MSNs polled, their average hourly pay was $52.61, and their average annual salary was $131,309. Across 64 diploma RNs, the average pay was $37.53 per hour. 

4 Salaries were based on 1653 respondents who gave their years of experience.

5 Salaries were based on 1306 female respondents and 162 male respondents.

6 2,812 nurses responded to the question, "Do you work full-time, part-time, per diem, or contract?" 

7 Salaries were based on 1,020 nurses who gave their specialty and salary earned.

Sarah Jividen , RN, BSN, is a trained neuro/trauma and emergency room nurse turned freelance healthcare writer/editor. As a journalism major, she combined her love for writing with her passion for high-level patient care. Sarah is the creator of Health Writing Solutions , LLC, specializing in writing about healthcare topics, including health journalism, education, and evidence-based health and wellness trends. She lives in Northern California with her husband and two children. 

Plus, get exclusive access to discounts for nurses, stay informed on the latest nurse news, and learn how to take the next steps in your career.

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Registered Nurse Salary 2024: How Much Does an RN Make?

If you have considered a career in healthcare, becoming a registered nurse (RN) is a great option when it comes to salary, job security, and overall fulfillment. Here, you will learn more about how much money you can earn, how to ensure the highest possible registered nurse salary, and much more. This is the most in-depth and most accurate representation of a modern career in registered nursing available online today, and our figures are based on information provided by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics from May 2022.

What Education and Licensure is Required to Become an RN?

How many Registered Nurses are Currently Employed in the United States?

What Is the Starting Salary of a Registered Nurse?

What Is the Average Salary of a Registered Nurse?

Percentile Wage Estimates for RN Workers in United States

Along with Salary What Other Benefits Will I Be Eligible to Receive as an RN?

Average Registered Nurse Salary Based On 6 Major Salary Websites – (Bls.Com, Salary.Com, Glassdoor.Com, PayScale.Com, Indeed.Com, Ziprecruiter & SimplyHired.Com)

12 Factors That Will Play an Important Role in Determining How Much I Will Earn

What has been the average rn salary growth for the last 5 years (2018-2022).

What Is the Projected 5 Year Average Annual RN Salary Growth (2023-2027)

In Which Industries Do RNs Get Paid the Highest?

Registered Nurse State Wise Salary

Registered Nurse City Wise Salary

RN Income Compared to Other Nursing Careers

RN Income Compared to Similar Healthcare Occupations

Employment Outlook of a Registered Nurse in the United States

How much has the registered nursing industry grown in the last 5 years (2018- 2022).

How Much Will the Registered Nursing Industry Grow in The Next 5 Years (2023- 2027)?

How Many Registered Nursing Jobs Are Being Created Annually?

State Wise Registered Nurse Employment, 10 Year Growth Projection and Annual Job Openings

What Are the Reasons Behind Strong Job Outlook for The Registered Nursing Industry?

Which industries employ the highest number of rns.

RN Job Outlook Compared to Other Nursing Careers

RN Job Outlook Compared to Similar Healthcare Occupations

18 Reasons Why Registered Nursing Is the Most Sought-After Occupation?

Our final take: is registered nursing the right career option for me, interesting registered nursing related statistics, what is the educational background of current rn workers.

What Is the Average Age of a Registered Nurse?

What Is the Ratio of Women to Men Workers in The Registered Nursing Industry?

What Is the Ethnicity Mix of RN Workers?

Will I Earn More or Less as an RN Compared to Other Occupations?

Why Pursuing a BSN is Worth it?

Why Do Male RN Workers Earn More Than Their Female Counterparts?

• Family Nurse Practitioner Salary
• Licensed Practical Nurse Salary
• Nurse Anesthetist Salary
• Nurse Practitioner Salary
• Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner Salary
• RN to BSN Salary
• Travel Nurse Salary

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How Much Do Registered Nurses Make?

• Salary by State
• Salary by Industry
• Nurse Salaries Compared
• How to Increase Pay

Are you ready to earn your online nursing degree?

Registered nurses (RNs) can enjoy one of the most stable and rewarding healthcare occupations. They earn a high average salary and have increased demand to serve an aging population.

Nursing students can become RNs in 2-4 years and earn salaries exceeding the U.S. average. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), RNs earn an average annual salary of $89,010. Factors such as location, specialty certification, and experience can lead to salaries of more than $120,000.

Fast Facts About Registered Nurse Salaries

• The average annual RN salary is $89,010 or $42.80 an hour.
• RN salaries increased by 15% over the last three years (2019 to 2022).
• The highest-paying states for RNs are California, Hawaii, and Oregon.
• 45% of nurses feel they are fairly compensated.

Sources: BLS, 2022 | Medscape RN/LPN Compensation Report, 2022

How Much do Registered Nurses Make?

With an average salary of $89,010, registered nurses (RNs) earn 44% higher salaries compared to the average for all U.S. occupations. RNs earn competitive salaries that can lead to rewarding and financially stable careers. The demanding nature of the profession can contribute to RNs’ high earning potential, along with the extensive education and training required and nurses’ critical role in healthcare.

$89,010 Average Annual RN Salary

$42.80 Average Hourly RN Salary

The salary range for RNs is broad, allowing for growth and advancement based on education, certification, and experience. Most nurses earn $61,250-$129,400 annually for the lowest and highest-paid earners. The median annual salary for RNs is $81,220 or $39.05 an hour.

Registered Nurse Salary by Education

RNs can enter the field after completing a nursing diploma or two-year associate degree in nursing ( ADN ). However, earning a four-year bachelor of science in nursing (BSN) has become the norm. BSN-prepared nurses earn a higher starting salary and have access to more job opportunities.

Generally, the higher the degree, the greater the compensation level. RNs with master of science in nursing (MSN) degrees can earn an average of $23,000 more than individuals with BSNs.

Registered Nurse Salary by Specialization

RNs can receive specialized training to gain in-depth knowledge and advanced skills. As such, RN salary levels vary with board certification and specialization. The following information provides average salaries for some common specializations.

Some of the highest-paying registered nurse specializations include family health, acute/critical care, and emergency/trauma nursing.

Popular Online RN-to-BSN Programs

Learn about start dates, transferring credits, availability of financial aid, and more by contacting the universities below.

Registered Nurse Salary by State

While RNs receive relatively high salaries compared to other occupations, some areas of the country pay far more than others . Overall, the Western states offer the highest salaries, while some Southern and Midwestern states pay the least.

Factors such as cost of living, nursing demand, and labor conditions account for RN salary variations across the country.

California and Hawaii, which rank among the most expensive states for cost of living, attract nurses by paying the top salaries in the country. Lower-paying states generally offer a more affordable lifestyle, but the absence of a strong union movement for nurses may keep wages below the national average.

The top five states by median annual salary for registered nurses are California, Hawaii, Oregon, Alaska, and Washington. The top five states by median annual salary adjusted for cost of living are California, Hawaii, Oregon, Nevada, and Alaska.

Note: Salary adjusted for cost of living was calculated using RN median annual salary and regional price parity by state from the Bureau of Economic Analysis .

Highest-Paying Cities for Registered Nurses

RNs working in densely populated cities typically earn more than RNs in rural areas. California, the most populous state, has ten of the highest-paying metro areas for RNs in the country.

RNs in the top-five California metro areas below earn well above six figures. Employers in these areas may offer higher-than-average salaries due to nursing shortages among underrepresented groups, the high cost of living, and the strong union movement among the state’s nurses.

Registered Nurse Salary by Industry

RN salaries vary substantially by workplace setting. Among the most common industries for RNs, those working at outpatient care centers and general medical and surgical hospitals report the highest earnings.

How Do Registered Nurse’s Salaries Compare to Other Nurses?

RNs, while earning less than advanced practice nurses , make much more than nurses without college degrees.

Compared to other nursing professions, registered nurses earn $53,000 more than certified nursing assistants and $33,000 more than licensed practical nurses. But, RNs earn $36,000 less than nurse practitioners.

Nurse anesthetists are the highest-paid nurses. These highly trained nurses must earn their doctorate in nursing and spend seven or more years completing education and training.

What Kind of Salary Growth Can Registered Nurses Expect?

Like most professions, a nurse’s salary can increase with more experience and education. Higher RN salary levels correspond to recent changes in expectations about RN roles and responsibilities.

Nursing training has become more specialized, with a growing emphasis on technology and preventive care. As advanced graduate nursing degrees become more common, RNs can move into senior leadership roles with higher salaries.

Four Ways to Increase Pay as a Registered Nurse

Board certifications and specializations in high-demand practice areas can boost RN salaries significantly.

Earnings vary among healthcare employers and locations. RN salaries range from $61,250 for the lowest-paid 10% to $129,400 for the top 10% of earners, according to the BLS . The highest-paid RNs typically possess advanced degrees and have worked in the field for 10 or more years.

Consider Pursuing Certifications

Certification validates an RN’s expert knowledge and specialized skills, advancing their professional development and salary potential. Board-certified RNs earn an average annual income of $92,000, compared to $81,000 for those without certifications, reports Medscape . RNs apply for certifications through the American Nurse Credentialing Center or other organizations for specialty practice fields.

Earn a More Advanced Nursing Degree

RNs with a nursing diploma or an ADN often return to school to expand their career opportunities. Bridge programs offer a popular option for RNs to earn BSNs or graduate degrees while continuing to work. RNs with MSNs or doctor of nursing practice degrees can earn the highest salaries in many clinical and non-clinical roles.

Gain Experience in Administrative Roles

Nursing shortages and senior-level RNs retiring drive the demand for experienced nurses in administrative positions. Many healthcare facilities offer leadership development and mentoring programs to provide managerial training and support for nurses transitioning into these roles. Experienced RNs can pursue nurse executive certification or enroll in online graduate programs in nursing administration while continuing to work.

Switch Practice Setting

While hospitals, outpatient care settings, and physicians’ offices hire the most RNs, nurses who switch practice settings may find a high demand for their services and better pay.

Among the most common work settings for nurses, those in outpatient care centers, general and surgical hospitals, and home health care services earn the most.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Registered Nursing (RN) Salaries

What kind of nurses get paid the most.

Advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) rank among the highest-paid nurses. APRNs, such as nurse anesthetists, nurse midwives, and nurse practitioners , can earn over six figures depending on their certifications, employment settings, and experience. Nurse anesthetists earn the highest salaries, averaging $205,770 annually, according to the BLS .

How much do RNs make hourly?

RNs earn an average hourly wage of $43. However, hourly pay ranges from $29-$62. Factors determining RN pay rates include specialization and types of certifications, workplace setting and location, and experience level.

What is the starting pay for an RN?

Entry-level RNs earn an average hourly rate of $31, according to Payscale data from September 2023. RNs who enter the field with BSNs earn higher hourly pay than those with nursing diplomas or ADNs. Midcareer RNs with 5-9 years of experience earn an average of $34 an hour, including bonuses, overtime, and other compensation.

Do nurses make six-figure salaries?

Nurses practicing in high-demand cities, states, or specialties can earn six-figure salaries. RNs working overtime or have travel nursing contracts can also earn upwards of $100,000.

RN salary rates have climbed significantly in recent years, with APRNs receiving the highest increases. Nurse practitioners, nurse midwives, and nurse anesthetists all earn six-figure average annual salaries.

Learn More About Registered Nurses

Registered Nursing Salaries by State

Nurses work hard and deserve to be paid well. Discover the top 10 states for nursing salaries, according to the latest data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

How Much Does a Critical Care Nurse Make?

Want to earn more money as a certified registered nurse? Find out more about what critical care nurses make and how to become one.

How Much Do APRNs Make?

APRN salaries are some of the highest in healthcare. Learn how much APRNs make and how to increase your salary.

Average Entry-Level Registered Nurse (RN) Hourly Pay . (2023). Payscale

https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes291151.htm

May 2022 National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates . (2023). BLS

Medscape RN/LPN Compensation Report 2022 . (2023). Medscape

Nurse Anesthetists . (2023). BLS

Registered Nurses . (2023). BLS

Smiley R, et al. The 2022 National Nursing Workforce Survey . (2023). Journal of Nursing Regulation

Whether you’re looking to get your pre-licensure degree or taking the next step in your career, the education you need could be more affordable than you think. Find the right nursing program for you.

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