what does an assignment judge do

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District of new jersey, hon. renée marie bumb, chief judge | melissa e. rhoads, esq., clerk of court, search form.

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How are judges assigned to cases.

After a case is allocated to either Camden, Newark or Trenton pursuant to Local Civil Rule 40.1(a) , a Judge is assigned to handle the case. Judges are randomly chosen by a computer database, similar to a deck of cards. When one judge is assigned, the cards are shuffled again for the next selection. The Clerk's Office has no discretion in the assignment of cases.

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Aaron Judge does it all, this time with a home-run-robbing, double-play gem

We all know he can do it with his bat.

The glove work is pretty nice, too.

In the midst of a scorching streak at the plate that has him threatening home run records — again — Aaron Judge made one of the best defensive plays of the season on Monday against the Washington Nationals .

With the Yankees leading 2-0 in the bottom of the fourth inning, Nationals first baseman Andrés Chaparro hit a deep fly ball off Nestor Cortes that looked bound for the left-center-field stands. But Judge had other plans.

The Yankees center fielder tracked the ball to the warning track and timed his jump perfectly. He snagged the ball at the top of the wall, keeping it in the park. And he wasn't finished.

After he landed, Judge threw a strike to second base, where Gleyber Torres was waiting for the cutoff throw. Nationals outfielder James Wood had taken off from first base, anticipating Chapparo's ball to leave the park or land for a hit, and he didn't get back to first on time.

Torres threw him out at first to complete the inning-ending double play started by Judge's home-run-saving heroics.

Justice is served. @TheJudge44 🤯 pic.twitter.com/Kyri1CQIh6 — New York Yankees (@Yankees) August 26, 2024

A camera angle from behind the wall confirmed that the ball indeed would've left the park if not for Judge's defensive gem.

AARON JUDGE TAKES AWAY A HOMER 🤯 Dude is unreal. (via @MLB ) pic.twitter.com/GGJ0Gzoa8n — Yahoo Sports (@YahooSports) August 27, 2024

The play kept the Yankees' 2-0 lead intact, and they went on to secure a 5-2 win .

On Sunday, Judge hit his 50th and 51st home runs of the season in a win over the Colorado Rockies . He now has 10 more home runs than MLB's second-leading home-run hitter, Los Angeles Dodgers designated hitter and NL MVP favorite Shohei Ohtani . Judge has surpassed the 50-home-run plateau for the third time in his nine-season MLB career .

With 30 games remaining on the Yankees' schedule, Judge is threatening to break his own AL single-season home run record of 62, set two seasons ago.

That he's making plays such as this in the outfield as well just isn't fair.

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Covid-19 FAQs

People entering the Courthouse will no longer be required to wear a mask, regardless of vaccination status. Individual judges may set rules for their courtrooms.

To ensure the safety and security of everyone entering the Courthouse, effective February 12, 2024 everyone entering the front entrance of the Courthouse will need to have all items screened through the x-ray machine. This includes all bags . All drinks will need to be held going through the metal detector. Any drink containers that contain metal will no longer be allowed into the building as they cannot be properly screened . Drink containers that do not contain metal are still allowed in the building. Please arrive early for any court proceedings that you must attend.

Protection Orders

Ohio law provides a procedure where a party who is being stalked, menaced, or harassed by another person can get a court order (called a civil protection order) requiring that other person to stay away from and have no contact with the party seeking the order.

FAQs Glossary

Jury Service FAQs

The Clermont County Common Pleas Court Adult Probation Department was established in 1955 and provided probation services to offenders in Clermont County. Today, there are two Adult Probation Departments in Clermont County serving Common Pleas and Municipal Courts.

The Common Pleas Adult Probation Department is located in the Common Pleas Courthouse at 270 East Main Street, Batavia. The Common Pleas Adult Probation Department provides services to felony cases.

Hours of operation for Common Pleas Adult Probation are 8:00 AM to 4:30 PM, Monday through Friday except legal holidays. For assistance please call 513.732.7265

Community Resources

Have I Got Right Court?

Common Pleas Court —deals with adult felonies, major civil cases (both injury and contract), foreclosures, real estate, injunctions. 270 East Main Street, Batavia, Ohio, 45103 Phone  513.732.7394

Domestic Relations Court —deals with divorce, dissolution, annulment, child support, parenting time, parental rights.

Juvenile Court —deals with delinquent or unruly children, child neglect or abandonment, juvenile traffic tickets.

Probate Court —deals with wills, estates, and trusts, adult guardianships, name changes, civil commitments, adoptions, issues marriage licenses.

Municipal Court —deals with misdemeanors, traffic tickets, civil cases under $15,000, DUI, Small Claims Court, performs civil marriage ceremonies.

About the Court

Formed in 1801 even before Ohio became a state, the Common Pleas Court serves the people of Clermont County as the constitutionally created general jurisdiction trial court for the administration of justice within the county borders. The General Division of the Clermont County Common Pleas Court has original jurisdiction to hear all adult felony criminal cases and all civil cases regardless of the dollar amount in controversy. The Court also has the authority to issue injunctions and certain legal writs. The Court has appellate jurisdiction over the decisions of some state and local administrative agencies, boards, and commissions. In addition, the Court presides over the Clermont County Grand Jury , which has the power to hand down indictments in criminal cases. The Court is responsible for the operation of the Probation Department , which supervises those criminal defendants placed on community control as part of their sentence.

Helpful Links

Clermont County Clerk of Courts Clermont County Domestic Relations Court Clermont County Juvenile Court Clermont County Probate Court Clermont County Public Defender Clermont County Municipal Court Clermont County Law Library Clermont County Bar Association Clermont County Prosecutor’s Office Clermont County Sheriff

Ohio 12th District Court of Appeals Ohio Supreme Court Ohio Supreme Court Law Library Indiana Supreme Court Kentucky Supreme Court United States Supreme Court

Assignment Office FAQs

Assignment office faqs .

COURT HOURS OF OPERATION: 8:00 AM to 4:30 PM, MONDAY THROUGH FRIDAY, EXCEPT LEGAL HOLIDAYS

CLERK’S HOURS OF OPERATION: 7:30 AM to 4:00 PM, MONDAY THROUGH FRIDAY, EXCEPT LEGAL HOLIDAYS

SCHEDULE OF COURT HOLIDAYS FOR 2024

People entering the Courthouse will no longer be required wear a mask, regardless of vaccination status.

PLEASE NOTE: Due to mandatory health and security screenings at the entrance to the Courthouse, please arrive early for any court proceeding that you must attend. If you are running a fever, DO NOT COME TO COURT. You will be denied entry. You may but are not required to wear a mask when coming to court. Please review notices elsewhere on this web site for updated information.

Click Here for Court Dockets

The Court has issued an order for garnishments and related proceedings. Please review the GARNISHMENT SPECIAL ORDER here.

PLEASE NOTE: The Court has issued a stay of foreclosure and sheriff’s sale proceedings. Please review the Order Staying Foreclosure here.

Where is the Assignment Office and how can I contact it?

The Assignment Office is located on the second floor of the Clermont County Common Pleas Courthouse, immediately adjacent to the main lobby across from Courtroom 201. The Assignment Office phone number is 513-732-7108.

What does the Assignment Office do?

The Assignment Office is responsible, at the direction of the judges, for setting up all future trials and hearings on the judges’ official calendar, updating the court docket when there are changes, and sending notices to attorneys and parties. The staff also directs all parties that are in court to the correct courtroom, answers phone inquiries from attorneys and the public, makes necessary copies, and performs general office duties to assist the court.

Can I see the Court Dockets online? 

Yes. The Court’s weekly dockets are posted on this web site and can be accessed by clicking here-  “Court Dockets”.

Can the Assignment Office grant me a continuance?

No. Only a judge can grant a continuance. The Assignment Office will act only at the direction of the judge. The Assignment Office cannot change a trial date or set any motion for hearing without the prior approval of the assigned judge.

How do I get a continuance?

All motions for a continuance must be filed in writing with the Clerk of Courts and reviewed by the assigned judge. You will need to provide a courtesy copy to the assigned judge. Most motions for a continuance require an oral hearing. If the judge grants the continuance, the Assignment Office will select a new date and send notice to all counsel and any unrepresented parties.

I just filed a case seeking a TRO and a preliminary injunction. How do I get those hearings set up quickly?

Upon filing your motion, the Clerk will instruct you to take a copy of your filed TRO/preliminary injunction documents to the Assignment Office. Once there, the Assignment Clerk will contact the assigned judge on the case for his review.

I need to set a discovery hearing with the judge. How do I do that?

You should file a motion with the Clerk of Courts and leave a courtesy copy for the assigned judge. Once the judge reviews it, he will either have the matter set for a hearing or have you submit an entry for his approval and signature. The Assignment Office cannot set any motion for hearing without the prior approval of the assigned judge.

I have a pending motion that requires oral argument before the judge. How do I set that up?

You should supply the assigned judge with a courtesy copy of your filed motion for his review. The Assignment Office cannot set any motion for hearing without the prior approval of the assigned judge.

My case needs a case management conference or a pre-trial with the judge. How is that set up?

The initial hearings in a civil or criminal case are automatically set by the Court. Cases are monitored by the judge and staff for appropriate action.

I need to file something so that it is scheduled on the docket. Where do I go?

If a person needs to file court papers, you must go to the Clerk’s Office. The Assignment Office does not accept filings. If you have an attorney, generally the attorney takes care of filing court papers.

What is a bond hearing and when are bond hearings set?

A bond hearing is a proceeding where a judge sets the terms and conditions for the pre-trial release for an individual charged with a crime. The judge can set a cash/surety bond, a recognizance bond, and may impose conditions such as not having contact with the alleged victim of the crime. The purpose of a bond hearing is to try to ensure that a criminal defendant appears for trial. Most judges hold bond hearings each morning at 8:30 AM.

What is an arraignment and when are arraignments held?

An arraignment is the first court proceeding (other than a bond hearing) in a criminal case after a person is indicted.  An arraignment is where someone is formally charged, the case is assigned to a judge, and the matter is given a first pretrial date. An arraignment proceeding may also include the appointment of counsel for an indigent defendant and the setting of bond. Arraignments are usually on Wednesdays and Fridays. As with the bond hearings, each judge presides over arraignments on a rotating basis.

I think my case would benefit from mediation. How do I get a mediation conference scheduled?

The assigned judge has to refer your case for mediation. This is usually done at the first meeting with the judge.

How are hearings in civil protection order (CPO) cases set up?

Once a petition for a CPO is filed with the Clerk of Courts, these hearings are automatically set by the court.

My case is set for trial soon. Can the case be postponed so we can mediate?

The Court would prefer that you mediate before doing final trial preparation. It is in the discretion of the assigned judge whether or not to move a trial date to allow mediation. You can check with the Court Mediator to see if something can be scheduled on short notice before the scheduled trial date.

I have a civil case ready to go to trial. How can I be sure my case will go forward as scheduled?

Please remember that criminal cases take priority over civil matters. While the Court will make every effort to get your case to court on time, there may be circumstances where a continuance is necessary because the judge must preside over a criminal trial. You can call the judge’s chambers the day before your trial is set to go to check on the judge’s availability.

My case settled through negotiations. How should I let the Court know that it will be dismissed?

You should call both the judge’s chambers and the Assignment Office to let them know of the settlement. Please make sure you file your dismissal entry within 30 days of the settlement agreement and pay any outstanding court costs.

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General FAQs for Everyone Coming to the Courthouse

United States District Court

Northern district of iowa, honorable c.j. williams, chief judge | paul de young, clerk of court, search form, you are here, how are federal judges assigned to cases.

The basic considerations in making assignments are to assure equitable distribution of caseload and avoid judge shopping. By statute, the chief judge of each district court has the responsibility to enforce the court's rules and orders on case assignments. Each court has a written plan or system for assigning cases. The majority of courts use some variation of a random drawing. One simple method is to rotate the names of available judges. At times, judges having special expertise can be assigned cases by type, such as complex criminal cases, asbestos-related cases, or prisoner cases. The benefit of this system is that it takes advantage of the expertise developed by judges in certain areas. Sometimes cases may be assigned based on geographical considerations. For example, in a large geographical area it may be best to assign a case to a judge located at the site where the case was filed. Courts also have a system to check if there is any conflict that would make it improper for a judge to preside over a particular case. 

Trump indicted again in federal election interference case following Supreme Court immunity ruling

WASHINGTON — Former President Donald Trump has once again been indicted over his efforts to overturn his 2020 presidential election loss, an effort that culminated in the Jan. 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol.

A federal grand jury on Tuesday returned a superseding indictment that charges Trump with the same four counts he faced in the original indictment last August : conspiracy to defraud the United States, conspiracy to obstruct an official proceeding, obstruction of and attempt to obstruct an official proceeding and conspiracy against rights.

The new indictment was returned following the Supreme Court's decision on presidential immunity last month , which barred the government from using certain "official acts" Trump took in his role as president in its prosecution.

“The superseding indictment, which was presented to a new grand jury that had not previously heard evidence in this case, reflects the Government’s efforts to respect and implement the Supreme Court’s holdings and remand instructions,” special counsel Jack Smith's office said in Tuesday's filing.

Trump blasted the new indictment as “shocking” and “a direct attack on democracy” in a string of social media posts. “The case has to do with ‘Conspiracy to Obstruct the 2020 Presidential Election,’ when they are the ones that did the obstructing of the Election, not me,” he wrote . His campaign also sent out a fundraising email within two hours of the filing, saying Trump was "just indicted again" and urging supporters to "stand with Trump" by donating.

While the charges are the same, some of the evidence has been whittled down in light of the Supreme Court's ruling, which expanded what could be considered official acts.

Gone from the superseding indictment are the sections that detailed Trump’s conversations with Justice Department officials in which he is alleged to have asked them to support his false claims of election fraud. Former Justice Department official Jeffrey Clark , who backed Trump's claims and was almost named acting attorney general, has been removed as an unindicted co-conspirator. Prosecutors also removed references to advice Trump got from or conversations he had with direct advisers in the Oval Office, like White House counsel Pat Cipollone, and references to some of his tweets from that period.

The new indictment also notes Vice President Mike Pence's role as president of the Senate on the day of the electoral vote count — Jan. 6, 2021 — in an apparent nod to concerns from the Supreme Court about whether evidence of Trump's campaign to get Pence to intervene in the count should be allowed. The Supreme Court ruling said, "Whenever the President and Vice President discuss their official responsibilities, they engage in official conduct," and there is therefore a "presumption of immunity" around their conversations. But the ruling also noted that Pence's responsibility of "'presiding over the Senate' is 'not an ‘executive branch’ function.”

Other parts of the new indictment are the same, with prosecutors again taking the position that Trump didn't actually believe the lies he was spreading in the wake of his 2020 election loss and that he knew that they were, in fact, lies.

“These claims were unsupported, objectively unreasonable, and ever-changing, and the Defendant and his co-conspirators repeated them even after they were publicly disproven," the indictment says. "These claims were false, and the Defendant knew that they were false."

While many Jan. 6 defendants have told courts that they now recognize they were tricked and lament that they were “gullible” enough to fall for the misinformation about the 2020 election that Trump promoted , Trump himself has never publicly admitted that he realizes he was spreading misinformation.

Trump's state of mind will be a major issue at a future trial , which won't take place before Election Day and could be complicated if he wins. If Trump is victorious, he or his appointees would almost certainly kill the case, as well as other Jan. 6 prosecutions: Trump has referred to Capitol rioters as " hostages " and " unbelievable patriots ," and he has indicated he would pardon many, if not all, Jan. 6 defendants. (Trump said he would "absolutely" consider pardoning every Jan. 6 criminal defendant, but his campaign has said pardons would be issued case by case.)

Trump's legal team had prepared for the possibility of a new indictment, according to a source familiar with the defense team's thinking, but believes the revised indictment still contains "fatal" flaws under the Supreme Court's reasoning.

“We don’t think they’ll be able to prove this was all purely campaign-related,” the source added, suggesting the timing works in the former president's favor.

The defense team is expected to ask for briefing schedule to argue why the superseding indictment should be dismissed too — a process that could drag out for months.

Trump's original challenge on immunity grounds led U.S. District Judge Tanya Chutkan to fr e eze the underlying case in December while he appealed. The case was returned to her court this month; the defense and the prosecution are scheduled to file a joint status report Friday laying out their proposed schedules for proceeding.

Any litigation on pending immunity questions must be settled before other action in the case, the Supreme Court ruling said. That could take multiple forms, from a public evidentiary hearing with witnesses or a fully on-paper process consisting of multiple rounds of briefings followed by written rulings from the judge.

Trump is also using the immunity ruling to fight his conviction on charges of falsifying business record in New York. His attorneys contend that the indictment in that case should be dismissed because the grand jury was presented with evidence of official acts — tweets and conversations with advisers — that shouldn't have been considered.

A new grand jury brought the new indictment in the federal case. The slimmed-down allegations could also be a way for prosecutors to avoid extensive fights over evidence they were concerned wouldn't be allowed because of the Supreme Court ruling.

Ryan J. Reilly is a justice reporter for NBC News.

Daniel Barnes reports for NBC News, based in Washington.

Dareh Gregorian is a politics reporter for NBC News.

An Opinion About Stays From Judge Accurso

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This Week’s Published Opinions

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The 2023-24 General Assignment Order

The 2023-24 General Assignment Order has been published and is available here . Judge Sumners remains as Chief Judge and Judge Currier is Deputy Presiding Judge for Administration. There are seven Appellate Division Parts, an increase of one Part from this past year.

Judges Messano and Geiger have retired. Judge Gilson replaced Judge Messano as Presiding Judge of Part E during the current Term. Judge Whipple is the Presiding Judge of Part G, and Judge Sabatino, back from his Supreme Court assignment, is once again the Presiding Judge of Part A. The other Presiding Judges remain the same as in the current Term: Part B- Judge Currier; Part C- Judge Accurso; Part D- Judge Haas; Part F- Chief Judge Sumners.

There are five judges temporarily assigned to the Appellate Division. Judge Chase has been assigned to Part A, Judge Walcott-Henderson to Part C, Judge Puglisi to Part D, Judge Perez Friscia to Part F, and Judge Paganelli to Part G. Last Term’s lineup had only three temporarily assigned judges (Judges Marczyk, Bishop-Thompson, and Berdote Byrne), all of whom continue to sit in the Appellate Division.

A Rare Appellate Division Published Opinion After a Grant of Reconsideration

State v. Morgan, ___ N.J. Super. ___ (App. Div. 2024). As discussed here, the Appellate ...

Two by Judge Susswein

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During this blog’s early August break, the Appellate Division issued three published opinions. Here are ...

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Factoring , Newsletters

THE NOTICE OF ASSIGNMENT: A REFRESHER COURSE

Allen J. Heffner Nov 20, 2023

The Notice of Assignment is probably the single most important document for a Factor. Understanding what needs to be included in the Notice of Assignment, how to send it, and who to send it to can mean the difference between getting paid and not. Despite the fact that every Factor is (or should be) familiar with legal requirements relating to Notices of Assignment, we still find that many of our factoring clients who end up in litigation make basic mistakes relating to their Notices of Assignment. The article focuses on what information needs to be included in the Notice, who the Notice should be sent to, and how the Notice should be delivered.

What needs to be included in the Notice of Assignment?

To be effective, there is certain information that must be included in the Notice of Assignment. The Uniform Commercial Code (“UCC”) requires that the notice must:

• Notify the Account Debtor that the amount due or to become due has been assigned;
• Notify the Account Debtor that payment is to be made to the Factor;
• Reasonably identify the rights assigned; and
• Be signed by the Factor or its client.

The Notice of Assignment should also include a remittance address so the Account Debtor is informed how and in what manner the Factor should be paid.

Additionally, while not explicitly required under the current version of the UCC, Factors should include language in their Notice of Assignment that: (i) the Client has assigned all of its present and future accounts receivable to Factor; (ii) the Factor holds a first priority security interest in all of the client’s accounts receivable; and (iii) all payments owing to the client must be paid to the Factor.

Who should the Notice of Assignment be sent to?

Notices of Assignment should not be sent directly to individuals with an Account Debtor. Sending the Notice to a specific individual may lead to issues relating to the authority of that individual to receive documents on behalf of the Account Debtor. Moreover, Factors that direct Notices of Assignment directly to individuals open themselves up to arguments that the Notices of Assignment was not properly delivered. For instance, our clients that have sent Notices of Assignment to individuals have ended up in situations where the individual to whom the Notice of Assignment was addressed no longer worked with the Account Debtor or the individual was located at a different office and the Notice of Assignment was not sent to the proper location. To be safe and to avoid unnecessary issues, Factors should send the Notice of Assignment to the Account Debtor’s accounts payable department.

Additionally, some states have specialized definitions for what constitutes “notice” on behalf of a company. If there is any question as to where a Notice of Assignment should be sent, Factors should check with their attorney to determine where these should be sent.

How should the Notice of Assignment be delivered?

The crucial issue for the enforceability of a Notice of Assignment is proof of receipt by the Account Debtor, not proof of delivery. Therefore, it is good business practice to send the Notice of Assignment either certified mail or other method that provides for proof of delivery.

Many of our clients have asked about whether it is proper to deliver the Notice of Assignment via e-mail asking the Account Debtor to confirm receipt or with “read receipts” turned on. Some Factors prefer this method because it is more cost efficient.

While sending Notices of Assignment via e-mail is enforceable, we would not recommend it as a general business practice. Sending the Notice in this manner requires delivering the Notice to a specific individual, which we have discussed above can be problematic. Sometimes officers and directors of companies have assistants or other personnel manage their e-mail accounts, raising the possibility that the individual to whom the Notice was sent, never saw the e-mail, even though the e-mail was “read.”

Last, there is no requirement that the Notice be signed by the Account Debtor and returned to the Factor. Often, we see our client’s Notice include a “confirmation of receipt” line for the Account Debtor to sign and return. Sometimes, the Factor will have proof of delivery to the Account Debtor but the Notice was not signed and returned by the Account Debtor. This adds unnecessary ambiguity as to whether the Notice was actually received by the Account Debtor. Therefore, we instruct our clients not to include such requests for proof of receipt.

Who should send the Notice of Assignment?

Some of our clients that have had bad experiences with Account Debtors after delivering a Notice of Assignment have chosen to have their Client be the one to deliver the Notice of Assignment. There is no legal requirement as to whether the Factor or the Client is the correct party to deliver the Notice of Assignment. However, we recommend the Factor be the one to deliver the Notice of Assignment. This way, the Factor is in complete control of the contents of the Notice of Assignment, how it is delivered, and receives confirmation of its delivery. We have been in situations in which the Factor allowed the Client to deliver the Notice of Assignment, but the Client did not deliver the Notice of Assignment in accordance with the law, leading to avoidable litigation.

Should a Factor respond to an Account Debtors questions regarding a Notice of Assignment?

Absolutely, yes. If requested by an Account Debtor, pursuant to the UCC, a Factor must furnish reasonable proof of the assignment for the Notice of Assignment to be valid. Too often we see situations in which requests are made or questions are posed by Account Debtors that the Factor ignores, thinking that because the Account Debtor received the Notice of Assignment, nothing else needs to be done. The Factor should respond to the Account Debtor and provide reasonable proof of the assignment. These communications can also provide invaluable insight as to the relationship between the client and the Account Debtor, how and when payments will be made, and can provide the Account Debtor a sense of trust with the Factor.

A Notice of Assignment is crucial for Factors because it provides legal protection, establishes priority of interest, prevents confusion, facilitates legal recourse, and enables effective communication with Account Debtors. Without this notice, Factors may encounter difficulties in asserting their rights and collecting payments from Account Debtors, potentially jeopardizing the financial transaction.

Bruce Loren and Allen Heffner of the Loren & Kean Law Firm are based in Palm Beach Gardens and Fort Lauderdale. For over 25 years, Mr. Loren has focused his practice on construction law and factoring law.  Mr. Loren has achieved the title of “Certified in Construction Law” by the Florida Bar. The Firm represents factoring companies in a wide range of industries, including construction, regarding all aspects of litigation and dispute resolution. Mr. Loren and Mr. Heffner can be reached at [email protected] or [email protected] or 561-615-5701

Bruce E. Loren · Michael I. Kean · Allen J. Heffner · Kyle W. Ohlenschlaeger · Frank Sardinha, III

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Supreme Court Reveals New Circuit Assignments for Justices — What You Need to Know

The justices on the U.S. Supreme Court have received their circuit assignments. The most notable of these, perhaps, is that the newest Justice Amy Coney Barrett will handle applications submitted in the Seventh Circuit, where she was a circuit judge for three years.

Here’s what the Supreme Court’s Friday order said on the assignment front :

For the District of Columbia Circuit, John G. Roberts, Jr., Chief Justice, For the First Circuit, Stephen Breyer, Associate Justice, For the Second Circuit, Sonia Sotomayor, Associate Justice, For the Third Circuit, Samuel A. Alito, Jr., Associate Justice, For the Fourth Circuit, John G. Roberts, Jr., Chief Justice, For the Fifth Circuit, Samuel A. Alito, Jr., Associate Justice, For the Sixth Circuit, Brett M. Kavanaugh, Associate Justice, For the Seventh Circuit, Amy Coney Barrett, Associate Justice, For the Eighth Circuit, Brett M. Kavanaugh, Associate Justice, For the Ninth Circuit, Elena Kagan, Associate Justice, For the Tenth Circuit, Neil M. Gorsuch, Associate Justice, For the Eleventh Circuit, Clarence Thomas, Associate Justice, For the Federal Circuit, John G. Roberts, Jr., Chief Justice.

What it means 

The federal court system is made up of district courts, appellate courts, and the U.S. Supreme Court. After a case has made its way through one of the nation’s 94 trial courts , a party may appeal to the circuit court in their jurisdiction. The image below helpfully outlines what the circuit boundaries are and identifies them by circuit number.

As you can see from the list above, there are 13 federal circuits.

The First through Eleventh Circuit courts are self-explanatory. The District of Columbia Circuit, given its location, handles some of the most high-profile and controversial political appeals in the country. The Federal Circuit, as the court’s website notes , is unique in its nationwide jurisdiction and the kinds of claims it handles:

The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit was established under Article III of the Constitution on October 1, 1982. The court was formed by the merger of the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals and the appellate division of the United States Court of Claims. The court is located in the Howard T. Markey National Courts Building on historic Lafayette Square in Washington, D.C. The Federal Circuit is unique among the thirteen Circuit Courts of Appeals. It has nationwide jurisdiction in a variety of subject areas, including international trade, government contracts, patents, trademarks, certain money claims against the United States government, federal personnel, veterans’ benefits, and public safety officers’ benefits claims. Appeals to the court come from all federal district courts, the United States Court of Federal Claims, the United States Court of International Trade, and the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims. The court also reviews certain administrative agency decisions, including those from the U.S. Trademark Trial and Appeal Board, the U.S. Patent Trial and Appeal Board, the Boards of Contract Appeals, the U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board, the Congressional Office of Compliance, the Government Accountability Office Personnel Appeals Board, and the U.S. International Trade Commission.

The Supreme Court helpfully explains, at length , why the justices’ circuit assignments matter. Petitioners will submit emergency applications to an individual justice. A recent example? Pennsylvania Republicans (in the Third Circuit) submitted an emergency application with Justice Samuel Alito , asking for an injunction in an election-related case. Alito responded by granting the request himself and referring the application to the rest of the Supreme Court.

You may have noticed as well that petitions for a writ of certiorari (a petition for SCOTUS to hear a case) note which circuit the petition is coming from: On Petition for a Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the _____ Circuit.

“[F]our of the nine Justices must vote to accept a case. Five of the nine Justices must vote in order to grant a stay, e.g., a stay of execution in a death penalty case,” the high court’s rules note . “Under certain instances, one Justice may grant a stay pending review by the entire Court.”

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What is a notice of assignment?

An assignment takes place when one party is holding a right to property, claims, bills, lease, etc., of another party and wishes to pass it along (or sell it) to a third party. As complicated as that sounds, it really isn’t. Strangely enough, many assignments can be made under the law without immediately informing, or obtaining the permission, of the personal obligated to perform under the contract. An example of this is when your mortgage is sold to another mortgage company. The original mortgage company may not inform you for several weeks, and they certainly aren’t going to ask your permission to make the sale.

If a person obligated to perform has received notice of the assignment and still insists on paying the initial assignor, the person will still be obligated to pay the new assignee according to the agreement. If the obligated party has not yet been informed of the assignment and pays the original note holder (assignor), the assignor is obligated to turn those funds over to the new assignee. But, what are the remedies if this doesn’t take place? Actually, the new assignee may find themselves in a difficult position if the assignor simply takes off with their funds or payment. They are limited to taking action against the person they bought the note from (assignor) and cannot hold the obligator liable. Therefore, it is important to remember that if any note or obligation is assigned to another party, each party should be well aware of their responsibilities in the transaction and uphold them according to the laws of their state. Assignment forms should be well thought out and written in a manner which prevents the failure of one party against another.

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The University of Chicago The Law School

Summer experiences: ally swartzberg, ’25, summer associate, proskauer rose llp.

Ally Swartzberg, ’26, followed her interest in sports law to New York City this summer where she worked as a summer associate for Proskauer Rose LLP , a law firm that focuses on legal work in the sports industry. During her summer experience, Ally got to tackle projects for professional sports organizations and expand her network in the industry she plans to work in after she graduates.

How did you connect with this summer opportunity?

During my 1L Property Law course, Professor Strahilevitz cold called me. He asked me who owns a home run baseball. After that cold call, Professor Strahilevitz realized I was interested in sports and asked if I wanted to pursue a legal career in the sports industry. I said yes, and he connected me with one of his former law school classmates who is a sports industry “heavy hitter” and a partner at Proskauer.

How does your experience connect with what you currently envision doing with your law degree?

Proskauer is one of the most highly regarded law firms specifically for legal work in the sports industry. This summer, I was able to work on projects for professional sports leagues like Major League Soccer and the National Football League and to attend events like the NBA Draft. Proskauer alumni are also in general counsels’ offices across professional sports teams and leagues, and I was able to do things like attend a Yankees game with two of the Yankees’ attorneys. By working at Proskauer, I have gained a really strong network in my preferred industry as well as directly relevant work experience.

Please describe a “typical” day at work.

I would usually get to work between 8:30 and 9:30 am depending on what I had on my calendar. Some mornings, I would have breakfast or coffee with an attorney before spending a few hours working on my assignments. Some days I would be reading and comparing contract provisions, other days I was helping with a closing checklist or doing specific research for a client. I would usually have lunch around noon and some days I would have a small group meeting or a check-in with one of my mentors. I typically finished work around 5:30 pm and oftentimes we would have an event beginning at 6 pm.

What is something you learned or experienced that was surprising or particularly compelling during this summer position?

I had the opportunity to participate in a pro bono project alongside three other summer associates and a handful of Proskauer corporate attorneys. Each summer associate was paired with an associate and assigned a city and a team of eighth graders to mentor through a mock NBA expansion proposal. Each team then had to present why their city should be the site of the next NBA expansion team and answer questions from a panel of judges. This experience of mentoring young people with the same dreams I once had made me realize how close I am to finally becoming a lawyer, and that was really impactful. Also, my team won, so that was fun.

What are a couple of your key takeaways from the experience so far?

Only working for ten weeks, especially if you have to move, can throw off your routine like crazy. If you are the kind of person who likes to exercise regularly or enjoys cooking, make the effort to prioritize finding a gym and a good grocery store that are close to your apartment. You will feel so much more grounded. Also, we don’t know anything yet about how to actually be a lawyer, but we are smart, capable people. It’s humbling to be “new” at something, but trust in yourself and your ability to learn and do well.

What advice would you offer another law student contemplating working in a similar position next summer?

Be open to mentorship and new experiences while also being vocal about your goals and interests. Not every assignment you get will be the most exciting, but every assignment is an opportunity to meet more attorneys, establish a positive reputation for yourself, and learn more about how to be a good associate. I really think having the attitude of “I’m happy to do whatever needs doing” is important. At the same time, don’t be shy to vocalize your interests or to reach out to lawyers who do the work you hope to do.

How are you spending your free time this summer?

I cofounded and codirected a youth football program called the Big North Takeover, so I have spent a lot of time this summer planning, executing, and doing follow-ups with our coaches and participants. We had seven NFL players, two NFL scouts, and five D1 players coach roughly eighty high school athletes, so it was a big lift. Otherwise, I plan to travel (I’m currently in Florida), take some much-needed rest, and spend some time in the Jersey Shore with my family.

What are you most looking forward to in returning to UChicago Law this fall?

I’m really looking forward to the fall in Chicago and seeing so many of my friends I haven’t seen since leaving for New York this summer. At the law school, I am looking forward to being a student director of the Corporate Lab Clinic and to seeing what cool topics our new staffers come up with for the Business Law Review. Really, though, I’m counting down to graduation.