essay about criminology 200 words

Essay on Being A Criminology Student

Students are often asked to write an essay on Being A Criminology Student in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

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100 Words Essay on Being A Criminology Student

What is criminology.

Criminology is the study of crime. It looks at what causes crime, how society responds to it, and ways to prevent it. As a criminology student, you learn about the law, psychology, and sociology. This helps you understand why people commit crimes.

Studying Criminology

Being a criminology student is exciting. You study different subjects like law, psychology, and sociology. You also learn about different types of crimes and why they happen. The study involves reading books, attending lectures, and doing research.

Skills Gained

Criminology students gain many skills. They learn to think critically and solve problems. They also learn to research and analyze data. These skills can be used in many different jobs.

Future Prospects

Criminology opens up many career paths. You could work in law enforcement, social work, or counseling. You could also work in policy-making or research. Being a criminology student is the first step towards these careers.

Final Thoughts

250 words essay on being a criminology student, choosing criminology.

Criminology is the study of crime. As a criminology student, you learn about why people commit crimes and how society responds. This field combines psychology, sociology, and law. If you are curious about human behavior and interested in helping society, criminology might be for you.

Being a criminology student is not always easy. You need to read a lot, write essays, and do research. You learn about different types of crime, from theft to murder. You also study the justice system, including police, courts, and prisons. You might even get to visit these places as part of your studies.

Skills You Gain

Criminology helps you develop important skills. You learn how to think critically, solve problems, and communicate effectively. These skills are useful in many jobs, not just in criminology.

Studying criminology opens up many career paths. You could work in law enforcement, social work, or policy-making. You could also become a researcher or teacher in criminology. There are many ways to use your criminology degree to make a difference in society.

In conclusion, being a criminology student is challenging but rewarding. You get to learn about fascinating topics and gain valuable skills. Plus, you have the chance to contribute to a safer, more just society.

500 Words Essay on Being A Criminology Student

Being a criminology student.

Being a criminology student is both exciting and challenging. Students have to learn about different types of crimes, why they happen, and how they impact society. They also study the justice system, learning how it works to punish criminals and protect the innocent.

The Learning Process

In the classroom, criminology students spend a lot of time studying theories about crime. They learn about famous cases and use them to understand these theories better. For example, they might study a bank robbery to learn about the motivations behind such a crime.

Skills Needed

Criminology students need to be good at problem-solving. They often have to look at complex situations and figure out why a crime happened. They also need to be good at understanding people. This is because a big part of criminology is trying to understand why people do bad things.

After finishing their studies, criminology students can work in many different jobs. Some become police officers or detectives, using their knowledge to solve crimes. Others work in the court system, helping to make sure that trials are fair. Some criminology students even become professors, teaching the next generation of students about crime and justice.

In conclusion, being a criminology student is about understanding the complex world of crime and justice. It’s about asking tough questions, seeking answers, and striving to make a positive impact on society. It’s a challenging yet fulfilling journey that opens up a world of opportunities.

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Criminology Essay Topics

Unveiling the Top 200+ Criminology Essay Topics

16 min read

Published on: May 6, 2023

Last updated on: Jan 30, 2024

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Writing an essay on criminology can be a daunting task, especially when it comes to choosing a topic. With so many areas of study to explore, it can be challenging to know where to start.

Students often struggle to find unique and interesting criminology essay topics that will demonstrate their knowledge of the subject matter.

Without a compelling topic, it's difficult to create a standout essay that will impress professors and earn high grades.

This blog post includes a list of criminology essay topics that are sure to make your writing process much easier. 

Whether you're interested in cybercrime, mass incarceration, or police brutality, we've got you covered. 

With over 200 topics to choose from, you're sure to find one that sparks your interest and suits your assignment requirements.

Let’s get started.

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What is a Criminology Essay?

Criminology essays are a type of academic paper. They focus on topics related to the study of crime, such as its causes and prevention.

A criminology essay requires students to conduct research, analyze data, and provide evidence-based arguments to support their ideas. 

This type of essay is usually assigned to students who are studying criminology or related fields. This includes criminal justice, sociology, or psychology.

Purpose Of Writing a Criminology Essay

The purpose of writing a criminology essay is to analyze and evaluate a particular topic related to the study of crime.

This type of essay requires students to conduct research, and provide evidence-based arguments to support their ideas.

It helps the students to develop critical thinking and research skills that are essential for success in criminology and related fields.

Moreover, writing a criminology essay is a way for students to contribute to the ongoing discourse on crime and its prevention. 

Criminology Essay Topics For College Students

Criminology is a fascinating subject that offers a vast array of topics for students to explore.

Here are some criminology essay topics for college students:

• The impact of social media on cybercrime
• Juvenile justice: rehabilitation vs. punishment
• The effectiveness of community policing in reducing crime
• The link between poverty and crime
• The role of DNA evidence in solving crimes
• Mass incarceration and its impact on communities of color
• The effects of drug addiction on crime rates
• Domestic violence: causes, effects, and prevention
• The ethics of the death penalty
• International crime: human trafficking and drug trafficking

Criminology Essay Topics For University Students

• White-collar crime: causes, impacts, and prevention
• Cybersecurity and cybercrime: protecting individuals and organizations
• Theories of crime: examining the biological, psychological, and sociological perspectives
• The role of the media in shaping public perception of crime
• The impact of race and ethnicity on the criminal justice system
• Capital punishment: examining the ethical, social, and legal implications
• The relationship between mental illness and criminal behavior
• Policing in the 21st century: challenges and opportunities
• The impact of globalization on crime and criminal justice
• The intersection of gender and crime: exploring the experiences of female offenders

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List of Basic Criminal Justice Topics

• History of criminology and its evolution over time
• Crime and social inequality: examining the relationship
• Economic factors and their impact on crime rates
• Geographic profiling in criminal investigations
• Gender and sexuality in criminal behavior
• Social and cultural factors and their impact on crime
• Deterrence as a criminal justice strategy: effectiveness and limitations
• Incarceration and its impact on families and communities
• Ethics of conducting criminological research
• Globalization and its impact on crime and criminal justice

Criminal Justice Research Paper Topics on Society & Justice

• Impact of mass incarceration on marginalized communities
• Media’s role in shaping public perceptions of crime and criminal justice
• Restorative justice programs and their impact on victims and offenders
• Challenges of providing legal representation to indigent defendants
• Police militarization and its effect on community relations and public trust
• Role of community-based organizations in promoting social justice and reducing crime
• Impact of the War on Drugs on criminal justice and society
• Addressing domestic violence in criminal justice policies and practices
• The impact of mandatory minimum sentencing on the criminal justice system
• The role of mental health services in the criminal justice system

Theories of crime and their relevance to criminal justice

• The role of criminal profiling in criminal investigations
• The impact of technology on crime prevention and investigation
• Restorative justice and its application in the criminal justice system
• The effectiveness of community policing in reducing crime rates
• The challenges of addressing hate crimes in criminal justice policies and practices
• The role of public surveillance in crime prevention and investigation
• The impact of incarceration on recidivism rates
• The use of alternative sentencing in the criminal justice system
• The effectiveness of drug treatment programs in reducing crime rates

Criminology Research & Measurement

• Analyzing the reliability and validity of crime statistics
• The use of forensic science in criminology research
• The impact of racial bias on criminology research and measurement
• The challenges of measuring white-collar crime and its impact on society
• Analyzing the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs in reducing recidivism rates
• The use of experimental designs in criminology research
• The impact of technology on criminology research and measurement
• Analyzing the relationship between social inequality and crime
• The challenges of measuring cybercrime and its impact on society
• The use of qualitative research methods in criminology research

Check out this blg for criminology essay examples !

Criminology Essay Topics on Racism and Discrimination

• The impact of impacts of solitary confinement on criminal justice policies 
• Analyzing the intersection of race, class, and crime
• The role of implicit bias in criminal justice decision-making
• The impact of racial profiling on communities of color
• The effectiveness of diversity and inclusion initiatives in the criminal justice system
• The impact of the school-to-prison pipeline on marginalized communities
• Analyzing the effectiveness of affirmative action in reducing discrimination in criminal justice
• The impact of language barriers on the criminal justice system
• The role of restorative justice in addressing racism and discrimination in the criminal justice system
• The impact of hate crimes on marginalized communities and the criminal justice response

Criminal Law Research Topics

• Analyzing the legal concept of mens rea and its impact on criminal law
• The use of eyewitness testimony in criminal trials: reliability and validity
• The role of expert witnesses in criminal trials: benefits and limitations
• The legal and ethical implications of plea bargaining in criminal cases
• The impact of technology on criminal law: examining the use of DNA evidence in court
• The legal implications of hate crimes: defining and prosecuting bias-motivated offenses
• The challenges of prosecuting and punishing juvenile offenders in criminal court
• Examining the legal and ethical implications of the insanity defense
• Analyzing the legal and social consequences of wrongful convictions
• The impact of international law on domestic criminal justice systems

International Criminal Law Research Topics

• The role of the International Criminal Court in promoting international justice and accountability
• The legal and ethical implications of targeted killings and drone strikes in the fight against terrorism
• Examining the impact of international human rights law on international criminal law
• The use of transitional justice mechanisms in post-conflict societies: a comparative analysis
• The legal and ethical implications of refugee and migrant detention in international law
• The relationship between international criminal law and terrorism: challenges and opportunities
• The role of international law in addressing global environmental crimes and their impact on human security
• The challenges of investigating and prosecuting war crimes and crimes against humanity in conflict zones
• The role of international criminal tribunals in promoting peace and reconciliation in post-conflict societies
• The legal and ethical implications of extraterritorial jurisdiction in United States

Criminology Essay Topics on Types of Crime

• Hate crimes: analyzing patterns and trends
• Organized crime: examining the structure and activities of criminal organizations
• Cybercrime: exploring the challenges of investigating and prosecuting online criminal activity
• Property crime: analyzing causes and prevention strategies
• Violent crime: exploring the factors that contribute to violent behavior
• Sexual assault: examining the prevalence and impact of this type of crime
• Drug-related crime: exploring the connections between drugs and criminal activity
• Financial crime: analyzing white-collar crime and fraud
• Environmental crime: exploring crimes against the environment and the impact on society
• Human trafficking: analyzing the causes, impact, and prevention of this crime

Criminology Essay Research: Theories

• Rational choice theory: analyzing the decision-making process of criminals
• Social disorganization theory: examining the impact of social and economic factors on crime
• Strain theory: exploring the connection between social inequality and criminal behavior
• Routine activities theory: analyzing how the convergence of motivated offenders, suitable targets, and the absence of capable guardians lead to crime
• Social learning theory: examining how individuals learn criminal behavior through observation and imitation
• Labeling theory: exploring the impact of social labels on individuals and their involvement in criminal activity
• Feminist criminology: analyzing the impact of gender on criminal behavior and the criminal justice system
• Critical criminology: exploring the role of power and social inequality in criminal behavior
• Life course theory: examining how events throughout an individual's life impact their likelihood of involvement in criminal activity
• Integrated theory: analyzing how multiple criminological theories can be combined to explain criminal behavior

Criminology Essay Topics on Victimization

• Domestic violence: exploring the impact on victims and prevention strategies
• Victim blaming: analyzing the societal attitudes towards victims of crime
• The impact of crime on mental health: exploring the psychological effects of victimization
• Child abuse: analyzing the prevalence and impact of this type of victimization
• Elder abuse: examining the challenges of protecting vulnerable elderly individuals from victimization
• Restorative justice: exploring alternative approaches to addressing victimization
• Human trafficking: examining the experiences of victims and the challenges of identifying and prosecuting offenders
• Hate crimes: exploring the impact on victims and prevention strategies
• The role of victim advocacy in the criminal justice system
• Cyber victimization: analyzing the impact of online victimization and the challenges of addressing it

Hot Criminal Justice Topics 2024

• Mass incarceration: exploring the impact of policies and practices that lead to high rates of imprisonment
• The death penalty: analyzing the ethics and effectiveness of capital punishment
• The war on drugs: examining the impact of drug policies on criminal justice and society
• Racial disparities in the criminal justice system: analyzing the impact of systemic racism on policing, prosecution, and sentencing
• Community policing: exploring alternative approaches to policing and their effectiveness
• Restorative justice: examining alternative approaches to punishment and their impact on individuals and communities
• Mental health and the criminal justice system: analyzing the challenges of addressing mental health needs in the criminal justice system
• Technology and criminal justice: exploring the benefits and challenges of using technology in law enforcement and the criminal justice system
• International criminal justice: examining the challenges of addressing transnational crime and the role of international institutions in promoting justice.

Criminal Justice Research Topics about Court Cases

• The impact of Miranda v. Arizona on police practices
• The role of plea bargaining in the criminal justice system
• The impact of the O.J. Simpson trial on race relations in America
• The impact of the Casey Anthony trial on perceptions of motherhood and crime
• The role of prosecutorial discretion in charging decisions
• The impact of the George Zimmerman trial on perceptions of self-defense laws
• The role of the insanity defense in criminal cases
• The impact of the Scott Peterson trial on media coverage of criminal trials
• The role of eyewitness testimony in criminal cases
• The impact of the Timothy McVeigh trial on domestic terrorism laws

List of Realistic Crime Research Topics

• The impact of social media on cyberbullying and online harassment
• The role of community policing in reducing crime rates
• The impact of mandatory minimum sentences on the criminal justice system
• The effectiveness of drug treatment programs in reducing recidivism rates
• The role of mental health in criminal behavior
• The impact of the war on drugs on minority communities
• The role of restorative justice in the criminal justice system
• The impact of juvenile delinquency on future criminal behavior
• The effectiveness of body-worn cameras in reducing police misconduct
• The role of race and gender in sentencing disparities in the criminal justice system

Reasonable Criminology Research Topics

• The impact of social media on crime rates and criminal behavior
• The effectiveness of community-based programs in reducing recidivism
• Examining the relationship between poverty and crime
• The impact of parental incarceration on children and families
• The role of media in shaping public perception of crime and criminal justice
• The effectiveness of restorative justice practices in reducing crime and recidivism
• The role of education and employment in reducing criminal behavior
• The impact of domestic violence on children and families
• The effectiveness of drug treatment programs in reducing drug-related crime
• The relationship between mental health and criminal behavior

Criminology and Criminal Justice Research Topics

• Crime prevention strategies for reducing property crime
• Gun control and crime prevention: exploring the relationship
• The role of surveillance technology in crime prevention
• The impact of community policing on crime prevention
• The effectiveness of restorative justice practices in achieving justice for victims
• The impact of mandatory sentencing laws on crime prevention and justice
• The role of rehabilitation in achieving justice for offenders
• The impact of hate crime legislation on crime prevention and justice
• The role of technology in preventing cybercrime
• The effectiveness of early intervention programs in preventing juvenile delinquency

Criminology Persuasive Essay Topics

• Should rehabilitation programs be prioritized over punishment in the criminal justice system?
• Can community policing build trust between law enforcement and communities?
• Is the death penalty an effective deterrent to crime?
• Should mandatory minimum sentencing laws be abolished?
• Can restorative justice reduce recidivism rates?
• Should prisons focus on punishment or rehabilitation?
• Is there a correlation between poverty and crime rates?
• Should there be a greater focus on mental health treatment in the criminal justice system?
• Can technology be used to reduce crime rates?
• Should non-violent drug offenders be sentenced to rehabilitation instead of prison?

Criminology Argumentative Essay Topics

• Is solitary confinement a cruel and unusual punishment?
• Does the criminal justice system disproportionately affect marginalized communities?
• Should juveniles be tried as adults for serious crimes?
• Is racial profiling a necessary tool for law enforcement or a violation of civil rights?
• Should police officers be required to wear body cameras?
• Is the use of the death penalty morally justifiable?
• Should hate crimes be punished more severely than other crimes?
• Are “three strikes” laws an effective deterrent to repeat offenders?
• Should the government be allowed to access individuals’ personal data in the interest of national security?
• Is the “not guilty by reason of insanity” defense a valid excuse for criminal behavior?

Easy Essay Topics On Criminology

• The role of race, ethnicity, and class in shaping perceptions of criminality and punishment
• The impact of globalization on crime rates and criminal justice systems
• The effectiveness of drug courts in addressing drug-related crimes
• The role of social media in facilitating criminal activity and how law enforcement can respond
• The impact of technology on policing practices and the criminal justice system as a whole
• The impact of community-based organizations on crime prevention and intervention
• The impact of victim advocacy groups on the criminal justice system
• The effectiveness of diversion programs for adult offenders
• The impact of domestic violence on individuals, families, and society as a whole
• The impact of the “tough on crime” movement on the criminal justice system and society.

How To Choose A Criminology Essay Topic

When it comes to choosing a criminology essay topic, there are several factors to consider. Here are some things to keep in mind:

• Area of Interest

First and foremost, it's important to choose a topic that you are interested in. This will help you stay motivated and engaged throughout the research and writing process.

The topic you choose should be relevant to the field of criminology. It should address a specific aspect of crime, criminal behavior, the criminal justice system, or related topics.

• Originality

While it's fine to build on existing research, choose a topic that is original and hasn't been extensively covered before.

• Feasibility

You should also consider whether the topic you choose is feasible within the constraints of your assignment. Is there enough research material available on the topic? Can you realistically cover the topic within the given word count or time frame?

• Controversy

Finally, you might also consider choosing a topic that is controversial or debatable within the field of criminology. This can help you develop a thought-provoking essay that is likely to catch the attention of your readers.

Tips To Write An Effective Criminology Essay Topic

When it comes to writing an effective criminology essay, it's important to keep the following tips in mind:

Understand the Assignment

Before you start writing, make sure you understand the assignment instructions and the requirements for the essay. This will help you structure your essay and ensure that you meet all the necessary criteria.

Conduct thorough Research

In order to write a well-informed essay, it's important to conduct thorough research on your chosen topic. Use a variety of reputable sources such as academic journals, books, and government reports to gather information and data.

Organize your Ideas

Once you have conducted your research, organize your ideas into a logical and coherent structure. This will help you create a clear and concise argument that is easy for the reader to follow.

Use Evidence To Support Your Argument

When making claims or arguments in your essay, be sure to use evidence and examples to support them. This will add credibility to your essay and help you make a more convincing argument.

Edit and Proofread

Finally, be sure to edit and proofread your essay thoroughly before submitting it. Check for errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation, and make sure your essay is well-organized and flows logically.

By following these tips, you can write an effective criminology essay that is well-researched, well-organized, and convincing.

In conclusion, criminology essay topics are diverse. They range from the causes and effects of crime to theories and policies that shape our criminal justice system.

Selecting a suitable topic and writing an effective essay requires thoughtfulness. Consider your interests, the instructions of the assignment and the wider subject of criminology.

Follow best practices when researching and writing an essay. This will ensure you present a well-informed argument. Your argument will contribute to the conversation about crime and justice.

However, If you need further assistance with your essay, consider reaching out to the custom writing service - CollegeEssay.org. 

Our essay writer can help you refine your topic. It will also develop a compelling argument, to ensure your essay meets the highest standards. 

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an unequal relation between academics where one group dominates while other groups are ignored or silenced.

laws which criminalize actions which seek to render the animal agriculture and use industries more transparent, specifically, criminalizing undercover investigations and recording of animal agriculture activities, limiting whistleblowing, and otherwise interfering with normal business operations.

the ways in which the media play a role in determining which topics will receive the most attention and, thus, be deemed the most important for the audience to consider

These are factors that are considered by the sentencing judge that would increase the crime’s severity and would result in a more severe punishment. Examples of aggravating factors include previous criminal record for the same crime; use of a weapon; offence motivated by bias, prejudice or hate (based on race, sex, religion, age, sexual orientation or gender identity, or any similar factor); offence was committed against the offender’s intimate partner or family; the offence was committed against a person under the age of eighteen; offence was committed for the benefit of, at the direction of, or in association with a criminal organization; the offence was a terrorism offence; or the offence had significant impact on the victim’s health and financial situation.

the process of compiling and reviewing information, and then summarizing and synthesizing the data, often with the aide of statistical techniques, to reach a conclusion or explanation about the phenomenon under study.

the idea that humans are the most important beings; in the context of green criminology, the exclusive focus on humans as victims of crime and harm.

a deeply ingrained and dysfunctional thought process that focuses on social exploitive, delinquent, and criminal behavior most commonly known due to the affected individual's lack of remorse for these behaviors. ASPD falls into 1 of 4 cluster-B personality disorders within the DSM V, which also includes narcissistic, borderline, and histrionic personality disorders.

A psychological , evolutionary and ethological theory concerning relationships between humans . The most important tenet is that young children need to develop a relationship with at least one primary caregiver for normal social and emotional development. The theory was formulated by psychiatrist and psychoanalyst John Bowlby .

The over-emphasis of personal characteristics while devaluing environmental characteristics when judging others.

our connection to our true, genuine self; the ability to show up as us, and connect with our feelings in a meaningful way.

the idea that the way in which media present crime and justice issues is the opposite of the way in which these phenomena occur in real life

a perspective that sees every species and being as equal in worth.

a multidisciplinary approach that seeks to understand criminal behaviour by examining the interactions between biological, psychological and sociological factors.

feminism that advocates for police and prison responses to things like gendered violence, sexual assault, child abuse, etc.

when one variable is said to cause a specific effect, the two variables must at least be correlated, the cause must precede the effect, and other possible explanations must be eliminated.

Circles are a process often associated with restorative justice although the roots of this ancient practice lie in many Indigenous traditions around the world. The circle embodies and nurtures the state of inter-connectedness we exist in as human beings. The circle is a structured process that can be adapted for many different purposes such as relationship and community building, sharing, problem solving and decision making, celebration, or as a response to harm. The circle allows all participants the opportunity to speak about values or a specific topic. Circles create a space for deep listening and to be heard. All voices are honoured equally which can cultivate mutual support and learning.

systematic patterns of deviation from norm and/or rationality in judgment that occurs when people are processing and interpreting information in the world around them.

the practice of controlling a territory, or another nation, and populating it with settlers in an exploitative manner. In this regard, colonization is also closely correlated with the practice of “settler-colonialism.”

the establishment of a colony to expand a nation state or territory. Establishing a colony might involve both the establishment of control over a territory and the Indigenous peoples who previously resided in that area. It may also involve the colonisation of minds through the imposition of Western European ideals, religion, language, and social practices onto the people who were living there before colonisation. The term “colonisation” is closely related to the term “colonialism.”

Provides direct services to victims and receive funding either in whole or in part by the provincial and/or federal government responsible for criminal justice matters.

The repayment of losses to the victim given by the state.

research methods that involve using computers to model, simulate and analyze social phenomena, and to assess patterns and trends working with big data. Big data could be anything from corporate databases or datasets from the government that could not feasibly be examined by humans using discourse or content analysis.

to form a concept or idea about something and to become very specific about what we mean by those concepts for the purpose of our own research.

a learning process in which the likelihood of a specific behaviour increases or decreases in response to reinforcement or punishment that occurs when the behaviour occurs.

A process based on restorative principles whereby the people most impacted by a harm come together to dialogue about what happened, how they were impacted, and explore ways to repair the harm.  These processes are facilitated by a trained facilitator and often include victims, offenders, their supporters, and representatives of the community.

involves parental expectations, limits, rules and control. Parental control can be flexible and democratic, or harsh, rigid and coercive. 

an approach to criminology that privileges the voices and standpoint of persons who have been criminalized or who have been system affected.

when two or more variables are associated with one another. The direction of the association is known when two variables are correlated.  A positive correlation means that as one variable increases, so does the other, or as one decreases, the other decreases.  A negative correlation means that as one increases, the other decreases, and vice versa.  Correlation does not guarantee causality.

A provincial and/or territorial program that provides financial benefits to help offset monetary losses and supports recovery for victims. Programs and eligibility vary by province and/or territory in Canada.

Criminogenic needs may be defined as those offender need areas in which treatment gain will reduce the likelihood of recidivism; they have also been referred to as dynamic risk.

A theoretical perspective in criminology which focuses on challenging traditional beliefs, uncovering false beliefs about crime and criminal justice, and unearthing biases and inequalities within the theories of criminology and the criminal justice system.

method of research to explore the connections between the use of language/text and the social and political context within which it occurs.

a research study that gathers data at one point in time. It provides a snapshot of the phenomenon of interest.

Provides support for people who have become involved in the criminal justice process as either victims or witnesses, offering information, assistance and referrals to victims and witnesses with the goal of trying to make the court process less intimidating.

theoretical perspective that considers the role of media in producing and reproducing culturally relevant and socially constructed meanings

is a general term used to describe all aspects of a society related to individual and collective identity and meaning. Culture can be expressed in the material items of a particular society, such as clothing and other consumer goods, as well as in the ideas and beliefs that circulate and shape the way individuals and groups understand themselves and the surrounding world. Culture can more narrowly refer to aspects of creative output such as art, music and literature, and is often divided into high culture and low culture. While high culture is found in art galleries, museums and opera houses, low culture, or popular culture, can be found all around us and is the stuff of TV, popular music and graffiti art. Cultural criminologists view culture as arising from broader economic and social relations, and therefore tends reflect dominant ideas related to crime and crime control.

an umbrella term which encompasses the social behaviour, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, customs, capabilities, and habits of individuals in these groups.

implies rightful ownership of specific data.  This involves allowing Indigenous peoples to control who collects data about their people and what data are collected, as well as how the results are disseminated.

is the process of deconstructing colonial ideologies of the superiority and privilege of Western thought and approaches embedded in western societies such as Canada. Decolonization can also mean cultural, psychological, and economic freedom for Indigenous peoples.

a research model that involves working from the general to the specific, or from theory to data collection. The deductive model employs quantitative methods of research.

the process of discharging chronic mental health patients into the community in order for them to receive care from community mental health services. The deinstitutionalisation movement began in Canada in the 1960s.

the condemnation of an individual’s actions, specifically with regard to offending.

the idea or theory that the threat of punishment will deter people from committing crime and that the punishment of someone else will deter them as well (general deterrence). It also can mean punishing an individual to teach them not to offend again (specific deterrence).

how individuals shape their conduct to line up with expert knowledge and rules of discourse.

the general domain of all statements and classifications about something/anything, like the discourse of child development or discourse of victimhood, and a system of categories that structures the way we perceive reality.

an edict given by the Catholic church to Western European nations to discover, colonize, and spread the Christian message. It gave countries like England, France, Spain, and Portugal the god given right to conquer and colonize new lands that were uninhabited by Christians.

a perspective that holds that humans are relationally connected to the natural world and that, while humans need to utilize resources to survive, they have a duty to use resources responsibly and minimize their impact on other species and the environment.

a perspective holding that natural entities and the natural world is worthy of protection in their own right and not just as resources to be exploited or used instrumentally.

a dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities and their non-living environment interacting as a functional unit.

a method of study based on tangible and observable facts, evidence, and research.

a branch of criminology that deals with researching special – physical and social – determinations of patterns of criminal behavior and is closely connected with situational criminal prevention

an approach to justice that strives to overcome the manner in which negative impacts of environmental crimes and harms disproportionately affect marginalized groups in society, specifically based on race (Black, Indigenous, people of colour), class (e.g., low-income), and gender (e.g., dangers of male dominated slaughterhouse work, affects of toxic chemicals on female reproduction).

policies or practices that result in a discriminatory environmental impact (whether intended on unintended) on racialized groups or individuals.

the study of knowledge or ways of knowing.

a categorization of a group of people who share a national, cultural, religious, or language commonality. Such categorizations could be either an external labelling or one that is self-defined by the group. A concept of ethnicity can also overlap with a concept of race because ethnic categorization may also use skin colour, hair texture, and other physical characteristics to describe membership in an imagined ethnic community.

is a method of field research pioneered in cultural anthropology that involves immersive and lengthy interaction with cultural groups in order to learn about their ways of life and beliefs. In the nineteenth century, ethnography was used predominantly to study cultures in distant and non-western contexts. However, through the twentieth century, scholars in the social sciences began using this method to study subcultural groups closer to home. Ethnography involves participation in aspects of the culture under study as well as lengthy periods of contact and the development of mutual trust and respect. A common critique of this method is that researchers may grow too close to their subjects, and lose scholarly, detached perspective. A considerable strength of the method is that researchers gain deep, detailed, and realistic knowledge about a culture by adopting the perspective of insiders. Ethnography is a favoured method of cultural criminology, but it is not the only approach in this perspective.

information you use to make decisions that is based on research, not opinion.

when information and research is combined with experiences and expertise to best fit the population and culture being served.

a quantitative scientific procedure performed to determine something or test a hypothesis.

a qualitative method that involves observing and possibly interacting with research subjects in their natural environment.

a qualitative method that involves a group of individuals brought together and led by a moderator to share similarities, opinions, or differences.

in the context of moral panics, these individuals or groups are the perceived menace upon which the public concern is focused

fitting a story into a ready-made social construction such that it is easy for the audience to understand and interpret

a tool to use in social science research to investigate state and criminal justice practices that accesses state records that would not otherwise be disclosed.

a person or position that controls access to something and has the power to decide who obtains resources or opportunities and who does not.

every five years a series of cross-sectional surveys conducted by Statistics Canada which collect comprehensive socio-demographic information and information on one topic in-depth each year. The experiences of victims of crime are captured here.

the degree to which the results of a study can be applied to a larger population. The larger the sample, the greater the ability to generalise the findings of the study.

demonstrates how individuals develop an individual awareness space that consists of their major routine activity nodes (e.g., home, school, workplaces – activity spaces): the travel paths that connect them and everything within the visual range of the offender

the set of practices (rationalities, techniques, knowledges) via which people are (self) governed but also the means by which someone else’s activities are shaped.

a branch of criminology that deals with research into criminality against the environment and associated phenomena (e.g., animal cruelty)

the study of the breadth of victims (environment, human, and animal) and avenues of victimization related to environmental crime and harm, as well as the institutional and state responses to such victimization

the corporate practice of portraying a product as environmentally friendly or not harmful; for example, using images of plants on a bottle to imply connection to environmental sustainability but the ingredients contain harmful chemicals.

information produced outside of traditional publishing and distribution channels, including government and community reports, conference papers, and dissertations.

the dominance of one group’s ideas over another group’s ideas and when the dominant group controls the thinking of other groups, or when the ideas of the dominant class become the ideas of everyone.

the preference shown by journalists towards sources in powerful positions, casting them as primary definers whose opinions and ideas are portrayed as inherently more credible than those of others who might wish to comment upon a story

method of research where a researcher examines a culture or society or social practice by immersing themselves in the history of experiences for the group or individual they are interested in .

multigenerational trauma experienced by a specific cultural or racial group, such as the violent colonization experienced by Indigenous peoples.

refers to the study of the dynamic interrelationships between human populations and the physical, biotic, cultural and social characteristics of their environment and the biosphere

a proposed explanation used as a starting point in the deductive model for further investigation, or emerging at the end of the research process in the inductive model. A hypothesis is typically written as an “if, then” statement and outlines how we expect the variables to be related to one another and the direction of that relationship.

the socially constructed victim who is seen as weaker than their attacker, blameless, and with whom the audience will readily sympathize

Indigenous peoples in Canada were originally referred to as “Indians” by Western explorers because they were looking for a western passage to the East Indies . When Christopher Columbus arrived in the Caribbean in 1492, he incorrectly thought he had discovered a new passage to the imagined territory of the Indies (i.e., China, Japan, and India). The inhabitants were hence thought to be “Indians.”

a research model that involves working from the specific to the general or from observations to the development of theory.  The inductive model employs qualitative methods.

method of research where a researcher examines a specific institution via in-depth study of all of its elements and practices to identify power relations that structure an experience in the institution and how the institution itself is organized

a practice of racism where the racism can be understood as “racism without racists.” It does not require the presence of racist subjects or beliefs; it is the racism practiced by an institution or a governing body. The bias that is produced exists because of the invention and application of a rule or a policy. The racist outcome would not be the product of an individual’s racist ideation.

the argument that the state system always operates as an arm of, or instrument of, capitalism, or the state apparatus and criminal law exists as a direct result of capitalism to uphold capitalism and the capitalist mode of production.

a concept of analysis designed to show how the categories of race, class and gender, sexuality, and (dis)ability—and their social effects—are interlinked or interlocked in a way that makes them difficult to pull apart and to be analyzed as separate entities. Critical legal theorists like Kimberlé Crenshaw and others have used the concept of “intersectionality” to describe how race intersects with social and economic class, gender and sexual expression, nationality, and other institutional markers of identity in such a way that race is more fruitfully examined when considered as co-located and connected with these other social markers.

a qualitative method that involves asking a series of mostly open-ended questions in an effort to capture the participants’ voices in their own words.

a theory of economics arguing for increased government spending (on things like education, employment insurance, etc.) and lower taxes (for businesses) to stimulate demand, meaning employers will invest more and employ more people thereby maintaining economic growth and stabilizing the economy.

refers to the time period beginning in the late twentieth century and extending to today. Social theorists like Anthony Giddens and Zygmunt Bauman argue that the defining features of the modern era were transformed in significant ways in the late twentieth century. Capitalism, communications, and conceptions of the self were markedly altered in this period. However, these theorists dispute the notion that there has been a complete break from modernity heralding a new post- modern era. Instead, they see the present time period as being characterized by an intensification of modernity. Cultural criminology does not completely disavow the ideas and insights of postmodernism, but generally prefers the term late modernity to denote the present era marked by widespread interactive digital communications, commodification of crime and violence, rapid global flows of capital, goods and people, and an intensification of feelings of insecurity and anxiety (e.g. Young, 2007).

a person or other entity that at law has the powers and responsibilities normally associated with an ordinary human; legal personhood is not limited to flesh-and-blood humans but can extend to corporations, municipalities and, in some cases, natural entities.

Offenders that begin to show antisocial behavior in childhood that continues into adulthood are what Moffitt considers to be life-course-persistent offenders. Their delinquent behavior is attributed to several factors including neuropsychological impairments and negative environmental features.

a written summary and overview of writings and other sources on a selected topic to gain an understanding of existing research relevant to the topic.

personal knowledge about the world gained through direct, first-hand involvement in everyday events rather than through representations constructed by other people

a study which extends beyond a single point in time and involves the collection of data at various time intervals.

the recirculation of media content in different formats, contexts, and media outlets

in addition to the capitalist and working class, Marx identified the lumpenproletariat – a group that was defined as an unorganized, non-political underclass.

theoretical perspective that views media as a business that delivers a product intended to meet market demand

the way in which the perspective on society conveyed in mainstream media is similar to the dominant institutional perspective and encourages the audience to adopt the same perspective

system of methods, procedures and principles used in a particular area of study or discipline.

researchers generally attribute this term to Gwen Ifill, PBS news anchor, referring to the far more frequent and intense news coverage of instances where white women or girls go missing compared to instances where the missing persons are not white or not female

These are factors that are considered by the sentencing judge that would lessen the crime’s severity and support leniency in sentencing resulting a lighter sentence. Examples of mitigating factors include lack of criminal record; minor role in the offence; culpability of the “victim”; past circumstances such as abuse that resulted in criminal activity; addiction or mental health concerns; and circumstances at the time of the offense, such as provocation.

a set of government policies that controls the amount of money in circulation as a way to stabilize the economy.

individuals or groups who attempt to draw attention to and impose their moral perspective on behaviours they deem deviant or criminal in order to advance their own interests or political agendas

period of intensified or frenzied public concern, the level of which is out of proportion with the actual threat posed by the object of concern

the idea that the world is divided into distinct territorial entities, or nations, comprised of peoples with inherent ethnic, cultural, and even biological characteristics. Such nations are almost always territorially-based where a specific land or geography is claimed. The imagined community and territory are often based on an ancient or long established history and identity allowing the group to claim a primordial right to sovereignty and territorial occupation.

reforms that diminish the power of the state and diminish the power of carceral institutions.

governmental reform focused on free-market capitalism – policies that frees the market for capitalists including deregulation, privatization, and free trade.

term used to refer to Internet-based news, entertainment, social media, video games, etc. that are interactive

the aspects of stories used by news media to determine which stories will be deemed of interest to the media audience and, thus, reported on

consists of places (conceptualized as points) that are places within the city that a person travels to and from (e.g., business, entertainment, or industrial districts in the context of large urban centres)

crimes that do not involve the use of any force or injury to another person (e.g., property damage)

deals with ideas that are based on fact and free from bias or personal opinion.

The First Nations principles of ownership, control, access, and possession – more commonly known as OCAP – assert that First Nations have control over data collection processes, and that they own and control how this information can be used.

data sets often produced by official governmental agencies for administrative purposes, such as Census data or crime figures.

the philosophical examination of being. As an invention of Western thought, the concept is often referred to as a “theory of being” and paired with the term “epistemology” that refers to the sister concept of a “theory of knowledge” or how something is known. In this regard, ontology refers to the study of the “thing in itself” and not how it may be represented or interpreted.

turning abstract concepts or phenomena that may not be directly observable into measurable observations. For example, this would involve selecting the exact wording of survey questions.

theoretical perspective that views the routines of day-to-day news production as the most significant factor in shaping news content

a form of discriminatory racism that may be expressed as a clear and unambiguous act of racialization. A subject or victim of such racism can experience overt racism as a direct and personal injury and/or emotional injury. It is often an encounter between two persons where racial bias is experienced by one party in a very personal and subjective manner.

A typical model, example, pattern, or theory of something. Restorative justice is often described as a paradigm shift (a fundamental change in approach or underlying assumptions).

extent to which parents are aware of their children’s activities, including how they spend their time and who they spend their time with.

represents the channels that we use to move from node to node often limited by streets, walkways, and public transit

examines the ways targets come to the attention of offenders and how this influences the distribution of crime events over time, space, and amongst targets

government programs that focus on helping criminal offenders to stop offending by providing treatment or to provide for the welfare of prisoners.

the process of making something personally relatable for the audience

the characteristic sets of behaviours, cognitions, and emotional patterns patterns that evolve from biological and environmental factors. While there is no generally agreed upon definition of personality, most theories focus on motivation and psychological interactions with the environment one is surrounded by.

the observable properties of an organic organism. Phenotype is often understood as the product of both genotype, which refers to the genes of an organism, and the environment surrounding it. In the context of race and racialization, it might refer to human traits like skin colour, height, weight, or eye colour.

making changes or slight modifications to the existing structure of policing but keeping the original purpose of police.

all members of a particular area or group, or all things, that you want to learn more about from which a sample is drawn.

an orientation to the study of society that focuses on what can be observed – in criminology this means a focus on identifying and studying causes of crime that could then be corrected, which is strongly associated with crime control.

set of theoretical ideas that examines language, text and culture and how these establish social spaces/creates our reality, as opposed to structuralism’s contention that the social is a patterned, rigid, and material set of structures.

the diverse ways in which our actions control and are controlled by our relations (structural and otherwise) to others.

when two or more companies that are supposed to be competitors conspire to set prices at a certain level in order to avoid direct competition when selling the same products

data collected by researchers directly from the subjects or sources for the purpose of  their own original research.

individuals to whom the media turn to first to help define and explain a situation, who are perceived as having more specialized knowledge due to their institutional affiliation or professional position and, thus, as more credible sources (government officials, criminal justice system personnel, academics, etc.)

theoretical perspective that views the media as intentionally manipulating news content so that it aligns with the interests of the media owners and other powerful individuals or groups in society

a neuropsychiatric disorder marked by deficient emotional responses, lack of empathy, and poor behavioral controls, commonly resulting in persistent antisocial deviance and criminal behavior.

an impairment causing difficulties in perceiving what is real and what is not.

An approach to law and criminal justice that involves the intentional infliction of punishment.

research that involves the collection and analysis of in-depth textual or verbal, non-numerical data. Methods include interviews, focus groups, and field observation.

collecting and analyzing data that are non-numerical and focused on the detailed understanding of the subject being researched which can include in-depth interviews, observation, and other non-numerical data.

research that involves the collection and analysis of numerical data. It can involve testing causal relationships and making predictions. Methods include closed-ended surveys and experiments.

the use of race—by the criminal justice system—as the basis for criminal suspicion. This term is often associated with policing. It can be understood as describing race-based policing, or race-biased policing, where police use racial appearance as a deciding factor in who to select for stopping, questioning, searching, detaining, and arrest. Outside of this reference to policing, it can also be used to describe an intentional and deliberate consideration of race that negatively impacts racial minorities in the form of increased contact with public and/or private authorities. That is, it might manifest itself as a) the activity of selecting or examining a racial minority at a rate of selection that is higher and incommensurate with their demographic representation and/or b) attributing racial and stereotypical characteristics to a subject in a manner that is illogical and/or not based on empirical examination.

the assumption that the crimes committed by racial minorities can be explained by their race

racialisation employs the word “race” as a verb to demonstrate that race is a human action or activity and not a biological or scientific certainty. In so doing, the term helps demonstrate that “race” is a man-made or invented category. Racialisation is an everyday happening where “race” is something that we do to somebody else or to ourselves. As a verb, we can understand it to be a common mental shortcut where we might use a person's physical appearance as a stand-in or as a marker of their intelligence, their thinking, or their potential actions. We racialise other people and sometimes we racialise ourselves in this moment of comparison and othering. Some might also understand racialisation as a form of race-based stereotyping.

the process by which groups of people are designated as being part of a "race" and subjected to differential or unequal treatment on that basis

individuals use rational calculations to make rational choices and achieve outcomes that are aligned with their own personal objectives.

data collected directly from the source and that exist at this point without any processing, transformation, or analysis.  Interview notes or survey responses are examples of raw data.

regulatory offences deal with legal activities such as the manufacture of products to the public, driving on roads and highways, and working. The goal of this law is to protect the public from the potentially harmful consequences of otherwise legal activity.

In the context of the criminal justice system, this is the process of helping inmates grow and change, allowing them to separate themselves from the factors that made them offend in the first place. In addition, preparing someone for a productive/crime free life once out of incarceration.

the degree to which a measurement or research method produces consistent results. This consistency can also be understood as replicability, either at different times, and/or by different researchers.

The making of amends for a wrong one has done. This can be done by paying money to or otherwise helping (with service) those who have been wronged. In the criminal justice system, reparation is often court ordered.

the process of socially constructing images and attaching signification/meaning to them

bodies of government/states granted with the legal right to use physical force to control the masses.

An approach to law and criminal justice based on the punishment of offenders with the intention of making the offender “pay” for what they have done (an “eye for an eye”).

requires that a potential offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian must come together in order for criminal activity to be realized

the positivist use of science to prove the existence of race as a scientific category. It exploits science and scientific method as a pathway to promote the existence of race and it attempts to use natural and evolutionary science to falsely demonstrate that different “races” of human beings have evolved over centuries and now populate our world. Contemporary scientific research has shown that race is a faulty construct because DNA examination proves there are no “racial” differences in the genetic samples taken from people adapted to the different climates and continents of the world. For example, a person with Western European ancestry might have more genetic similarity with someone with east Asian ancestry than they do with someone with Scandinavian ancestry.

those individuals who have the task of responding to the definition of a situation as set out by the primary definers (including journalists who reproduce and/or filter what the primary definers have stated, as well as oppositional definers who journalists may include to provide a counter-point to what the primary definers have stated)

fulfillment of one’s full human potential.

a form of colonization where newcomers resettle a territory that is already inhabited by Indigenous peoples. The resettlement erases and reterritorializes the land in such a way that the land becomes both foreign and inaccessible to the indigenous first inhabitants.

the process of making something easier to understand, which also results in a loss of detail and complexity

a highly practical and effective means of reducing specific crime problems. Essentially, it seeks to alter the situational determinants of crime so as to make crime less likely to happen

a society or a social structure (e.g., a nation, a city, family, etc.) made up of a complex of concrete economic, political, and ideological relations, bound together and characterized by their historical relation to the economic relations (e.g., capitalism) they are located in.

theoretical perspective that views the media as playing an important role in upholding democracy, ensuring an informed citizenry, and shining light on abuses of power

organized patterns of social relations and institutions such as class, family, law, race, gender.

a branch of criminology that measures and theorizes explicitly spatial processes and relationships

refers to space

an approach to justice concerned with living creatures as having value in their own right; as such humans owe obligations and duties to them.

connected to anthropocentrism, this is the assumption that humans are the superior species; human needs are prioritized and needs of other species are deemed unimportant; most often connected to the privileging of humans over animals.

acts defined by law as criminal and committed by state officials in pursuit of their job as representatives of the state.

socially constructed category or label relying on generalized assumptions about people, behaviours, or situations based on a specific characteristic (such as race, ethnicity, culture, nationality, neighbourhood, gender, social class, etc.)

crimes that include acts that occur in both public and private spaces, as well as interpersonal violence and property crime

the argument that law works to ensure capitalist accumulation and to maintain conditions where the generation of wealth is possible based on the idea that states act on behalf of capital, not at its behest, and ideology is spread out among numerous social structures.

a subdivision within the dominant culture that has its own norms, beliefs, and values.

a mental disorder that affects a person's brain and behavior, leading to a person's inability to control their use of substances such as legal or illegal drugs, alcohol, or medications. Symptoms can range from moderate to severe, with addiction being the most severe form of SUDs. Support dimension : warm, responsive parenting. Children who lack support feel rejected, unaccepted or neglected.

crimes that include those referred to as corporate crime, crimes of the powerful, state-corporate crime, and state criminality

a general view, examination, or description of someone or something

an interaction between two individuals or groups that is mutually beneficial

a technique which allows the person to rationalise or justify a criminal act. There are five techniques of neutralisation: denial of responsibility, denial of injury, denial of victim, condemnation of the condemners, and appeal to higher loyalties.

an aspect of personality concerned with emotional dispositions and reactions and their speed and intensity; the term often is used to refer to the prevailing mood or mood pattern of a person.

refers to time

the multiple networks of diverse techniques and the power of normalization to regulate human behaviour that we see in prison as it extends into the entire social body.

an abolitionist concept capturing the idea that abolition is ongoing and requires constant struggle and analysis.

traditional types of media (that existed pre-Internet), including print (newspapers, magazines, books), visual (films, television programs), and audio (radio, music recordings) forms

a genetically modified organism (GMO) that has had DNA from another creature introduced into its genome.

Psychological trauma is a response to an event that a person finds highly stressful. Examples include being in a war zone, a natural disaster, or an accident. Trauma can cause a wide range of physical and emotional symptoms. Not everyone who experiences a stressful event will develop trauma.

recognizes and responds to the signs, symptoms, and risks of trauma to better support the health needs of patients who have experienced Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and toxic stress.

ways of talking about victims and victimization that place at least part of the responsibility for the harm done to the victim on their own behaviour or attributes (e.g. how they were dressed, what they said, where they were, what they were doing, which measures they took to defend themselves, etc.)

A process based on restorative justice principles where a victim and offender have direct or indirect dialogue in the aftermath of a harm.  This dialogue is usually facilitated by a trained person who has worked with both parties to prepare them for the encounter.

the outcome of deliberate action taken by a person or institution to exploit, oppress, or harm another, or to destroy or illegally obtain another's property or possessions

a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of their occupation.

the study of social harm; from the Greek zemia , meaning harm or damage.

Introduction to Criminology Copyright © 2023 by Dr. Shereen Hassan and Dan Lett, MA is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Critical Criminology Today

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What survives of the notions, principles and values of critical criminology? Faced with contexts that could not be more dramatically different to those fostering critical approaches to crime and its control, what is left of the radical theories and practical initiatives that characterized it in the 1970s? This book argues that critical criminology today can be reimagined if new concepts are elaborated, which bring academic efforts close to the practices of social movements.

Building on an original collection of anti-hegemonic essays focused on specific criminological areas, including femicide, organized crime, drug use, punishment, state-corporate terrorism and financial crime, this book identifies the radical potential inherent in the choice of areas, topics and variables that critical criminologists can address today. In discussing concepts of distance, power, mercy and troublemaking, this book considers the relationship between critical criminology, social justice and activism.

An accessible and compelling read, this book will appeal to all those engaged with critical criminology, sociology and cultural studies.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1 | 10  pages, introduction, chapter 2 | 11  pages, for a sociology of power, chapter 3 | 12  pages, for a sociology of counter-power, chapter 4 | 12  pages, woman as colony, chapter 5 | 12  pages, political violence and behavioural economics, chapter 6 | 13  pages, state-corporate terrorism, chapter 7 | 14  pages, pandemics, desire and melancholy, chapter 8 | 14  pages, hypotheses on the causes of financial crime, chapter 9 | 13  pages, there is money in death, chapter 10 | 13  pages, civil war or transnational crime, chapter 11 | 12  pages, convicts, crime and evil, chapter 12 | 15  pages, crime, punishment and utopia, chapter 13 | 5  pages.

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• Communication

Development at 4 Years Analysis

It is understandable if one is frustrated and impatient with his or her child’s development. One can behave in ways that are difficult for an adult to understand. However, such odd behaviors are a necessary part of a child’s development. At 4 years of age, the child is in the...

Trans-ocean Transportation: Environmental Study

The ocean has always been an inseparable part of human existence. It serves as a source of food and a transportation network, linking all continents. Nowadays, airlines have given access to every place around the globe, but marine shipping continues to develop. The purpose of this paper is to give...

“On Care of Our Common Home” by Pope Francis

In his writing titled On Care of Our Common Home, Pope Francis contends that the evils and sources of suffering are part of labor that he uses to gain humans’ cooperation with Him. With the gospel of God’s love for all His creatures, the question then beckons; why would God...

The Film “Concussion” by Peter Landesman

The ethical perspectives of the NFL include the provision of help to the people in need. The support should mainly be directed towards the youth, especially those who suffer from concussions. In addition, benevolence is required in managing the players and football, in general, to ensure success in the sport...

Competence and Performance Definitions by Chomsky

Welcome to our sample paper on competence and performance definition. Get some inspiration for your paper while learning more about competence and performance with our essay example! Competence and Performance Definition Chomsky defines ‘competence’ as “the ability of the idealized speaker – hearer to associate sounds and meanings strictly following...

Order vs. Chaos in World Creation Stories

The common themes of order versus chaos are addressed in the stories. The differences demonstrated in stories are various Gods and ways of creating the world. For instance, the myth of Enuma Elish describes how the mighty God, Marduk created order at the beginning of the universe by defeating the...

Brain Disorders’ Effects on Human Health

Symptoms of Depression Negative moods. Lack of interest in usual activities. Troublesome sleeping. Lack of appetite, which may cause weight loss. Fatigue usually accompanied by low energy. Slowed physical movements/inactivity. Low self-esteem. Reduced or complete lack of concentration. Hopelessness. Recurrent thoughts about death. Effects of Long-Term Depression on Health Long-term...

Aviation Shortages: Problem Statement and Methodology

Problem Statement The world’s growing population and availability of plane trips mean more air travel consumption (Abdullah, Chew, & Hamid, 2016). Impending shortages might impede the industry from meeting consumers’ needs. It is well-known that the aviation industry lacks workplace diversity: out of all pilots, technicians, and cabin crew, only...

“The Game Changers” Documentary on Nutrition

The documentary titled “The Game Changers” had an ambitious objective of having a strong impact on society, as implied by its name. The film has assembled a team of prominent personalities in the spheres of sports and cinematography. Arnold Schwarzenegger, Jackie Chan, Lewis Hamilton, and Novak Djokovic were among the...

Understanding “The Other Side of the Bar” by J. Kaida: Analysis

The author of the story primarily uses the descriptive type of narration incorporating metaphorical elements. Such a hidden comparison connects the emotions of the characters with the surrounding atmosphere. For example, “evening clarity reigned over the damp green and brown diamond” (Kaida, 2010, p. 1). This allows the reader to...

• African American
• Marine Life

The Term “Oriental” as Discrimination Against Asian People

The term ‘oriental’ remains disputable because of the historical context and numerous cases of mistreatment. In some contexts, it is used to speak about violent and discriminative policies related to Asian people or culture. At the same time, it demonstrates that Asians were not integrated into U.S. society and were...

Importance of Identity: The Value of Human Being

“As Though a Metaphor Was Tangible”: Baldwin’s Identities article by Aliyah I. Abdur-Rahman (2015) examines the concept of identity in James Baldwin’s “Giovanni’s Room” (1956) and “Going to Meet the Man” (1965). Abdur-Rahman argues that Baldwin politicizes identification by showing that it is not internally coherent. In addition, the article...

Music Listening: “Say a Little Prayer“ Song by Bacharach & David

“I Say a Little Prayer” is written by Burt Bacharach and Hal David. The genre of the song is pop, but it can be called soul too. The song is about a woman praying for her husband who is fighting in Vietnam. It is very lovely and romantic, and the...

Adolescence and Human Development Challenges

There are various questions about how puberty affects adolescents because not all people are impacted in the same way. The fundamental answer is associated with the environment of a certain adolescent, experiencing cognitive, biological, and social changes. The three mentioned changes and the very context shape an adolescent’s perception of...

Conflict: Positives, Negatives, and Strategies

Conflict is a significant part of interpersonal interactions, arising from a perception of incompatible goals between interdependent parties. Conflict can have both positive and negative consequences, depending on the behavior of both parties. For example, two people can have shared plans to start a creative or business project, but disagree...

“Don’t Misrepresent Africa” TED Talk by Leslie Dodson

In this TED talk, Leslie Dodson explores the complexity encountered by journalists and researchers in presenting their narratives to the public. Journalists and researchers could be covering the same event or issue. However, their approaches to presenting them to the public are very different—sue contradictors ethics and practices in reporting....

Beauty and the Beast’: Movie Review

The beautiful, but swaggering Prince Adam was punished for arrogance and exorbitant pride. The sorceress cast a spell on Adam and his entire castle. The handsome Prince turned into a terrible furry monster, and his faithful servants became household items: utensils, candlesticks, watches, and other trinkets. This sorceress left Adam...

The Offer to Expand the Curriculum With New Topics

The initiative to update the curriculum with specific topics related to credibility and bias in the news is relevant. Your proposal is relevant because false facts and difficulties with validity do appear. We appreciate your objective to promote literacy on this topic. At the same time, updating the curriculum is...

“Severn Cullis-Suzuki at Rio Summit” Speech Analysis

To achieve the desired level of attention to the issue, the author calls on the audience’s feelings of respect towards her and her peers for her effort, which provides ethos. Suzuki calls for the audience’s reason and rationale when she states that “if you don’t know how to fix it,...

Food Safety Issues in Modern Agriculture

Food safety constitutes proper preparation, storage, and preservation of all foods. According to the United Nations Asian and Pacific Center for Agricultural Engineering and Machinery (APCAEM), an upsurge in international trade on agricultural products has made food safety a major concern. Furthermore, food safety is becoming a serious policy matter...

• Human Rights
• Ancient Civilizations

Modern Issues in “The Myth of Sisyphus” by Camus

The article by Camus titled “The Myth of Sisyphus” is dedicated to the account of mythology and its reflection on the modern situation of the middle of the 20th century – the author ties the myth telling about eternal tortures of Sisyphus and the human sufferings that he sees at...

Rosetta Stone in Ancient Egyptian Culture

Rosetta Stone is famous because of its role in enabling experts to read Egyptian hieroglyphs. Aside from the hieroglyphs, the stone has demotic and Greek types of writing. The writers inscribed the same message on the stone using these writing styles. Therefore, experts who could read either demotic or Greek...

Attachment Theory and Cycle of Violence

Injuries which are mechanical, associated with sex, mental attack, and deprivation are the four kinds of violence identified by the typology of PlanStreet (2022). “Attachment theory” discusses how early childhood trauma has shaped a particular manner of relating to others. According to another idea called the “cycle of violence,” domestic...

Graduate Nurses’ Required Leadership Attributes

Graduate nurses need certain attributes to perform optimally in their work. These attributes include self-awareness, accountability, time management, and social awareness (Finkelman & Kenner, 2010). Self-awareness means the proper understanding of one’s emotions and their effects on oneself and other people. Graduate nurses need to understand their emotions in order...

Newton’s Third Law With an Example

According to Newton’s Third Law of Motion, a body exerting force on another body experiences a force equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. As bodies experience acceleration proportional to the magnitude of the force and inversely proportional to their mass, lighter objects exerting force on heavier ones accelerate away...

Germany After Signing Versailles Treaty

The signing of the Versailles treaty was done on the 28th of June 1919 at the Versailles Palace. It is one of the critical pacts in history since it helped end World War I. According to the reports from the sessions, Germany was treated unfairly since it was the only...

Tecnocap’s Recycled and Recyclable Aluminum Closures

Introduction Sustainability is a prominent trend. Recycling enables people to achieve sustainability. Tecnocap’s aluminum cans are 100% recyclable. Product Identification Tecnocap’s metal closures are made of recycled material. Tecnocap’s cans can be recycled themselves. Tecnocap’s products can be customized. Benefits for Consumers Tecnocap’s bottles are extremely durable. Consumers can use...

Inspiration for Women to Address Inequality

When you think about inequality, according to you, what kind of people face it now more than others? Blacks? Latinos? The right answer is women. They share this planet fifty-fifty with men, but they are less respected. At the same time, you may ask – how women do not have...

Effects of Colonization on Women in Canada

Introduction These traces were manifested most strongly in the rapist policy of sterilization of women, which was carried out in Canada by the then authorities. In addition, there were multiple significant violations of their rights, which will be studied in this work (Ryan et al., 2021). Forced Sterilization Forced sterilization...

Personal Experiences and Social Imagination

There are a number of factors throughout my life that have shaped my understanding of the world and the self. In particular, I think that gender has been an interesting topic to think about and a theme that has given me considerable trouble throughout my life. Gender is a complicated...

• Ancient History
• Western Civilization

How Mass Media and Entertainment Influences Our Culture

Mass media are quickly becoming a real power in the political, social and spiritual spheres of people’s life. Lule (2016) states that “throughout U.S. history, evolving media technologies have changed the way we relate socially, economically, and politically” (6). Zengotita (2008) adds that human culture has always filtered reality through...

Organizational Change Management and Communication

The previous post emphasizes the importance of integrating organizational changes with the needs or input of the employees. As Belkis outlines, under-negotiated or poorly consulted changes can cause serious adverse effects. This caused a serious increase in workload for employees and therefore decreased their well-being, energy levels, and work satisfaction...

Health Education and Health Promotion Revisited

McCauley’s nursing tradition has been referred to as Careful Nursing, a method of nursing created in Ireland in the early 19th century and adopted by Irish nurses in the Crimean War. Even though records of careful nursing have been preserved, little emphasis has been given to it in the literature...

Epigenetic Drugs for Cancer Treatment

Currently, cancer is a disease that requires special attention since it is not curable in all cases. However, scientists are developing new epigenetic drugs, which include HDAC inhibitors. The mechanism of action of pills is that they deactivate checkpoints during the cell cycle when cancer cells increase. The role of...

Religious Beliefs in Egypt and Mesopotamia

Polytheism was the most outstanding feature of the ancient religious belief system among the Egyptians. Several deities or gods interacted with Egyptians. The gods had full control of nature and that nothing could take place without their influence. Hence, it was the role of individual Egyptians to act according to...

Constructive Criticism in Public Administration

I was quite negative about any type of criticism as I did not want to hurt people’s feelings. I often felt uneasy when heard some criticism concerning my actions, behavior, ideas and so on. However, I have acknowledged the benefits of constructive criticism. In my studies, I find it rather...

Abstracting and Persuasive Discussion of “The Green Knight” Movie

The Green Knight is an aesthetically pleasing movie that managed to intrigue and mesmerizes the audience with its visual presentation. I have watched the film recently and came out of it thinking that the cinematic aspects of its presentation were the strongest, far outshining the story or the characters themselves....

Concept of God and Philosophy of Religion

What characterizes good? The concept of good, by definition, has two defining characteristics. The first one is the presence of perceivable benefits to either the person (personal good) or the community at large (community good) (Howing, 2016). The second characteristic of good typically involves the absence of harm to either...

The Problem of Microplastics Contamination

Technology is not standing still, and humanity is faced with innovative products that can change the quality of life every month. If breakthrough solutions have the right characteristics for everyday use, they become part of life. Nevertheless, there is a downside to inventions, such as the one with plastic. Indeed,...

“The Slave Ship” by Turner: Romantic Landscape of Death

Joseph Turner, a prominent Romanticist, expressed strong opinions on the anti-slavery agenda, and The Slave Ship is a part of his activist statements. The background portrays a lost ship caught in the storm (Turner). Foreground displays sea creatures and chained black slaves pushed into the water. I find it fascinating...

• Ancient Egypt
• Sigmund Freud
• Environment

The Abortion Issue Regarding Human Rights

This article discusses how the ruling on laws about abortions can impact other rights rooted in privacy. These rights include gay rights, contraceptives, marriage, and others not written in the constitution but vested in the human race because people are human (Glenza). The court ruling seems to undermine these inalienable...

Chapter 9 of The Archetypes of Wisdom by Soccio

René Descartes was the first philosopher who focused on acquiring knowledge about knowledge, giving rise to the new era of epistemology in philosophy, becoming the pioneer of rationalism. According to rationalists, knowledge relies primarily on reason and not on sense evidence. The coherence theory of truth states that knowledge is...

Non-Literal Language Understanding: Sally-Anne Task

Before getting down to explaining why autistic children typically have difficulties in an understanding of non-literal language such as metaphor and irony utilizing the Sally-Anne task/test, the main idea of this test is to be considered. Sally-Anne task/test is the ability to recognize the false beliefs in others (Gehring, Debry...

Professional Networking: Advantages and Disadvantages

Available literature demonstrates that the use of online professional networking comes with obvious advantages, particularly in this era where many professionals and businesses rely on information and communication technologies not only to communicate but also to conduct business. The foremost advantage of online professional networking is that it can enhance...

Effective Communication and Interpersonal Skills

Interpersonal Communication Process of developing a good relationship with other people Interpersonal skills can be learned and developed Effective communication is an essential skill and is related to success Principles of Interpersonal Communication Good listening is being interested in what you are being told Judgment should come after the information...

Biostatistics and Public Health Study Evidence

Biostatistics is the application of statistical knowledge to aid the interpretation of biological and public health related data. For research to provide scientific evidence, data should be correctly collected, analyzed and the findings interpreted. At this point, the role of biostatisticians becomes crucial because they engage in interdisciplinary collaborations through...

Mark Harris’ Pessimism as to Movie Industry

In his article on the current movie industry trends, Mark Harris expresses his extreme skepticism about the future of American cinematography. The title of the article, “The Birdcage”, stems from the famous “Birdman” film (Harris, 2014). The example is employed by the author to reveal the nature of contemporary movies’...

Health Education and Promotion

Today, health promotion has become more relevant than ever in addressing challenges related to public health. The adverse effects of climate change, sedentary lifestyles, financial crises, security threats, and access to unhealthy foods contribute to public health challenges (FRAC, 2017). Therefore, implementing efforts to make healthier lifestyle choices can help...

Road Speed Limits Importance

Many drivers can find speed limits to be annoying, distracting, or lacking any meaningful contribution to road safety. However, there is an alarming trend that reveals the increase in the number of road fatalities in the past few years (Farmer, 2019). I believe that human lives must be put above...

Jane Addams’ History of Activities

The history of Jane Addams’ activities in this module seemed particularly interesting. This is due to the fact that my research paper focuses on the study of the activities of women politicians; hence the story of Jane is of particular curiosity. Her contribution to the development of social homes for...

• John F. Kennedy
• Christianity
• Web Technology

The Cold War Era’s Impact on the US Politics

The Cold War era included many reforms that occurred internally and externally in relation to the politics of the United States. In terms of domestic conflicts, the anti-communist movement became a major cause of concern for the government. In that way, while the national statement itself called for an open...

Female Martyrs in Early Christianity

The persecution of early Christians was a process accompanying the development of religion in the past. From this perspective, a life of a missionary at the time was not easy, especially when the series of martyrdoms started with St. Stephen being the first victim of this policy initiated by Roman...

How Database Views Restrict Access to Data

Any database is, first and foremost, a large body of information, not all sections of which can be read by humans. Typically, databases have access levels, which determine whether a specific individual (basically a specific device) is allowed to access certain sections of the database. Views in SQL are database...

Philosophy. The Problem of Personal Identity

A possible thesis of this reading is ‘personal identity is flexible on a number of levels but remains based on a solid foundation of rarely changing principles.’ The author says, “if you are like me and you have a strong attachment to the belief that we persist through time …,...

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: Overciew

All creatures can be divided into two groups: prokaryotes or eukaryotes, depending on their cells’ structure. Prokaryotes are unicellular living organisms; they do not transform into a multicellular form, capable of autonomous existence. They can be bacteria, including cyanobacteria or blue-green algae and archaea. These organisms are the oldest and...

Analytic Philosophy and Its Conceptual Differences

The idea of analytic philosophy in contrast with other schools of philosophy Analytical philosophy has flourished in the United States and England. Analytical philosophy is characterized as a meta-linguistic discipline different from other schools of philosophy regarding empirical science (Stadler & Camilla, 2001). This philosophy is mainly concerned with our...

State Vocational Rehabilitation Agency Staff Evaluation

The article is a study of the factors that bar or facilitate evidence by staff in a vocational agency. The report addresses, among other things, the ease of locating and comprehending research findings, implementation funds, professional collaboration, and upcoming research. This article relates to the professional association because it focuses...

“Twentieth Century Crisis of Belief” by Marheine

The article by Marheine titled “Twentieth Century Crisis of Belief” summarizes many ideas and social phenomena that distinguished 20th-century ideology, philosophy, and art. The main trends discussed by the author in the compilation of famous artists’ abstracts are the disgusting wartime pictures in literature and reflection of despair and exhaustion...

Brief Description of the Tesla Company

Current Organizational (Model) Design and Features Started in 2003 as Tesla Motors, Inc., but became profitable in 2013, Tesla’s organizational model supports continuous growth development, corporate sustainability and profitability over the seasons under the u-form structure. With the function-based strategy, the company has several offices and units that manage both...

Cross-Sex Friendships: The Main Benefits

Although this is a subject of a very long debate, I believe that men and women can form platonic friendships. In the clip from “When Harry Met Sally,” Billy Crystal’s character, Harry, claims that the reason men and women cannot be friends is that sex always gets in the way....

• Inspiration
• Pride and Prejudice
• Organizational Change

Good Health and Well-Being Promotion Initiatives

It goes without saying that all people across the globe deserve good health and well-being. As I am pursuing a degree in nursing, I know that the responsibilities of health care specialists include not only the provision of quality health care delivery but the prevention of health issues as well....

Police Shooting of Richard Cabot in Pittsburgh

On September 7, a police officer shot a 32- year-old Richard Cabot. The incident unfolded near the sports bar in Pittsburgh, where the victim and his friends watched the Pittsburgh Pirates vs. St. Louis Cardinals game. “The family’s account differs vastly from the statements of dozens of witnesses,” officer Debra...

Vietnam’s Emerging Market Potential

The western countries can help Vietnam improve its business climate by assisting the country in improving its legal, political, and regulatory frameworks. Since Vietnam’s exports depend on multinationals such as Samsung, the country must focus on providing opportunities for local companies. Western nations can instruct the Vietnamese officials on how...

Graduate Nursing Role and Leadership Skills

Parsons and Cornett (2011) believe that leadership is a meaningful aspect of every level of nursing. Leadership competencies make it easier for nurses to inspire others and promote the most desirable health outcomes. Graduate-level nurses should have specific leadership skills and attributes in order to become competent promoters of health...

“Children’s Visual Imagery” by DeWindt-King and Goldin

DeWindt-King and Goldin are considered the brains behind research in cognitive approaches to problem-solving and their qualifications and expertise in technological approaches in solving mathematics problems cannot be debated. Serving as full-time professors in their respective universities, the authors have made immense contributions to the field of mathematics education. Mediterranean...

General Understanding of It and Is Concepts

Whether one should purchase or build an information system (IS) is a decision that requires specialized expertise to make. For the upper-management, the outcome of both decisions may be the same, but the cost, risk time and labor requirement may differ greatly. Furthermore, the problem for which system acquisition is...

Protecting Ourselves from Food Article by Sherman & Flaxman

The primary purpose of the article “Protecting Ourselves from Food” was to examine the defensive mechanisms that humans adopted to protect themselves from multiple food-borne bacteria and microorganisms. To achieve this objective, the authors investigated the function of spices in various cuisines and analyzed the role of “nausea and vomiting...

“Precision Conducting” by Timothy Sharp

In his book, Precision Conducting, Seven Disciplines for Excellence in Conducting, Timothy Sharp looks into the different ways of inspiring a conductor. Chapters 1 to 3 discuss analyzing, internalizing, and marking the score. The author argues that it is critical for the conductor to first analyze the score. At this...

The Issues of Public Health, Ethics, and Human Rights

Thesis Point The modern development of medicine and human rights system appeared to be under the power of state government that is why challenges in the ethical behavior of the population, caused by right violations, can result in epidemic brunt and high spread of dangerous viruses within the society. Public...

Flexibility in Design Instructions

While processes and models can be useful, it is still significant to maintain flexibility in design instructions for a specific reason. In particular, it is necessary to remember that these instructions are not only a set of discrete steps that should be taken in any event (Dousay par. 17). The...

• Gender Roles
• Respiratory Disorders

The Complementary Nature of Faith and Reason

Faith and reason are not entirely interrelated, as neither can be effectively derived from the other. With that said, I believe that the two complement each other; Aquinas believed that to grasp what one could of the divine, one had to develop their reasoning (“Saint Thomas Aquinas,” 2014). Reason without...

End-of-Life Decision-Making Research Methodology

In their research, Ko, Nelson-Becker, Park, and Shin (2013) seek to locate the tools for building a more coherent framework for end-of-life issues management among Korean adults. Since there is no particular need for quantifying the outcomes of the analysis, the authors of the study use the qualitative research design....

Interview Report on the Presidential Debate

The first face-to-face presidential debate took place on September 26, 2016. Hillary Clinton kept her cool, while Donald Trump was impassioned and engaging. The meaningful part of it was dedicated to economic issues. Teresa Garcia, a 20-year-old civil engineering student, carefully followed the presidential campaign and the debate as well....

The Art of Dancing: Public Education

Introduction Jacques d’ Amboise is an American dancer known for his widely successful program aimed at teaching young school children the art of dancing. He began by teaching just 30 kids, but the course was so popular that it quickly expanded to have over a thousand students and many talented...

Marketing Research of Competitors on the Market

Research Question There is no doubt that the development of business enterprises in conditions of the modern market is becoming challenging, caused by a number of political and economic factors, including the abundance of competitive core companies. This means that modern business cannot develop without hindrance, as when entering the...

Twinings Tea Firm’s Eco-Friendly Production

One of the components of the definition of the sustainable product is a life-sequence positioning, which implies that sustainable manufactured goods are continually ecological-friendly throughout its whole time of existence (Chopra 2003). To be more precise, if the product is claimed to be eco-friendly, from the second the raw resources...

The “Old Boys, Old Girls” Story by Edward Jones

According to Rolston (2018), Edward Jones’s stories, mainly Old Boys, Old Girls, reflect how institutions and social circumstances shape the life and struggles of the African American male ex-convicts. Indeed, by portraying the life of Caesar Matthews, Edward Jones’ stories give insight into the African-American individuals’ criminal record complicate their...

The Role of Stem-cell Tissue in Neurodevelopment

Stem-cell Developments The attention towards the usage of stem cells in scientific studies is a subject of many controversies in the past decade. However, while some opponents of these experiments point out ethical issues related to the origin of this tissue, it is also essential to understand what these studies...

Symbol Resulted From the Modern Digital World

Symbol Meaning(s): This symbol is new to society since it has been created as a result of the emergence of new digital technology. It looks like an upside-down drop with a circle in it. Its appearance resembles a hot air balloon or a pin that travelers put on the world...

Traumatic Fractures: A Healthcare Research

It is hard to disagree that anyone can break a bone, though particular conditions and situations make it more likely. Compared to pathologic fractures, traumatic ones happen not from osteoporosis but sports injuries, car accidents, and falls. In other words, breaks may be caused by a bone impacted by a...

• Consciousness
• The Yellow Wallpaper
• Globalization

Substance and Alcohol Misuse among Adolescents

Substance and alcohol misuse among adolescents is a considerable bother for the US healthcare system. Since adolescence is commonly known as a time for experimentation, substance use disorder (SUB) and alcohol abuse are often rooted in the period (Beaton, Shubkin, & Chapman, 2016). In order to address the problem, I...

Diversity Project Kickoff: Diversity in Health Care

Introduction. The Necessity for a Diversity Project Promotion of the population’s access to healthcare services. The outcomes of culturally competent: The better public acceptance of nurses; Meaningful client-provider communication. Aims of the Project Forming a Workforce Diversity Council. Appointing a person responsible for the inclusiveness policy. Raising the committee’s awareness....

Intelligent Robots, Their Benefits and Disadvantages

Benefits Intelligent robots have been a staple of science fiction for more than a century. An artificial brain that is able to understand the world and feel emotions akin to a human being may still be fiction today, but advances in the field of robotics show that it may become...

How Hate Took Hold of Him: Parrish Reflection

In this article, Parrish (2015) tries to clarify the reasons and factors that caused his hatred towards African-Americans. According to the discussions of the author, it is the impulse that is given by social prejudices and beliefs. For example, it is mentioned that the author’s parents were also against African-Americans...

Film Project: “Christopher Robin” by Marc Forster

The topic of the project should be formulated using tools of doubt and relevance assessment since there can not be a single consolidated opinion. Although various probabilities exist, the greatest deeds require sacrifice and discipline since dreams do not come true on their own. This statement is related to the...

Digital Technologies in Business

Digital transformation is probably the most recurring theme on the agenda of modern businesses. IT-enabled opportunities drive managers around the world to upgrade and adapt their companies and organizations accordingly. Lin and Lin (2014) raise an intriguing question of how accurate the perceived usefulness of technology adoption really is. After...

The Role of the Teacher in a Differentiated Classroom

The idea of a teacher facilitating differentiated classroom appeals to me. This method focuses on providing students with personalized education, where the teacher supports and mentors them as they work toward their own learning objectives. This method enables students to take charge of their education and has the potential to...

Short Attention Span as a Time Management Issue

The greatest challenges with time management I think that my biggest time management problem is my short attention span. Differently put, I tend to get distracted very easily. Also, I am surrounded by a multitude of potential distractions at any given time. Such distractions can be represented by other people,...

The Current Breadth of Apple’s Product Line

The current breadth of Apple’s product line seems to be quite modest for the company of its size. However, it is important to keep in mind that Apple has to take extensive care of product quality, which explains the small range of product diversity. Nevertheless, there are ways for the...

Leadership Theories Chart. Breakthrough Leadership

Leadership Theory Definition Main Concepts Situational leadership A leadership theory that merges both directive and supportive dimensions, which need to be applied correctly in a given situation (Ghazzawi, Shoughari, & Osta, 2017). Situational leadership is based on the relation between the task behavior, listening, support, and value. It claims that...

• Professionalism
• Acquisition
• Performance

The Gilded Age and Modern Oppression of African Americans

Despite the fact that the Gilded Age was characterized by considerable advancements in the sphere of economy and production. At the same time, during the Gilded age, minorities, especially African Americans, were still discriminated against and oppressed. The level of racism in society was prominent during the Gilded Age, and...

Los Reyes Hospital Risk Assessment

Risk assessment is an important tool that helps to quantify the risk associated with an investment in a certain project. According to Gapenski and Pink (2015), there are three methods to quantify risk, including sensitivity analysis, scenario analysis, and Monte Carlo simulation. The most comprehendible way to assess associated risk...

Are African Americans More Harassed by Police?

Hypothesis: Members of the African American community are more likely to be harassed by the police than members of other ethnic groups Independent variable: Ethnic affiliation Response Category: Different ethnic groups willing to confess their interaction with the police Dependent variable: Police harassment Response category: Were you harassed by the...

Inaugural Speech of John Fitzgerald Kennedy

Introduction The speech was written by Kennedy himself with the assistance of Ted Sorensen. Kennedy served only two years of his term and did not have any significant domestic or foreign political achievements such as Roosevelt. Yet, for some reason, people still regard him highly. His ratings reach as high...

Pascal’s Triangle, the Sierpenski Triangle, and the Mandelbrot Set

Relation between Pascal’s triangle and the Sierpenski triangle Both Pascal’s and Sierpenski are triangles. The Sierpenski triangle is obtained from Pascal’s triangle by marking or coloring the odd numbers and leaving the even numbers without color. Properties of the Sierpenski triangle and the Mandelbrot set Both the Sierpenski triangle and...

Texas Political Events: Woodlands Incorporation Issue

The case of Woodland township incorporation is the focus of the article by Buckley. The residents of Woodlands are fighting to shift the location’s status from a township to a city, which might result in increased freedom of infrastructure management (Buckley, 2021). According to Lasswell’s definition of politics, successful city...

Changing Claude Monet’s “The Truth of Nature”

I have chosen Claude Monet’s painting as it illustrates a very vibrant floral setting, demonstrating the pure beauty of nature. Considering my intentions of presenting a contrast between earlier depictions of nature and the modern environmental predicament, the brilliant green colors of the painting would facilitate the contrasting process. To...

Crime Rates in the United States over 20 Years

When designing an informative report for the general public, it is most appropriate that its contents are simple and easy to understand. The following charts are obtained from the Federal Bureau Investigation (FBI) data that is stored on the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) website. The information revolves around rates of...

“The Gita Proudman Story” by Ontario Nurses’ Association

The story of Gita Proudman, a nurse who was wrongfully charged with second-degree murder of an infant, is a terrifying example of the unfair treatment nurses often get in the workplace and otherwise. A dedicated nursing professional, Proudman faced a difficult situation with an ill and deformed infant on a...

Euhemerism Theory and Myths Across Cultures

Introduction to mythology Myths are the basis of our cultural construct. Myths are based on gods and heroes who narrators of myths insist should be emulated. Myths provide insights about the cultural past of modern society. Theories of mythology Euhemerism The euhemerism theory explains how myths are actual accounts of...

• Food Safety

Project Requirement Gathering Techniques

Requirement gathering is an important process to understand what the IT project should be about. Without that, a coder would not be able to develop a project which will be helpful for the end-user. While there are many approaches to the gathering, I think two techniques are especially valuable for...

Why Is Baroque Suite an International Music Genre?

A baroque suite is a musical genre or form primarily founded and developed during the Renaissance and Baroque periods. It primarily features instrumental music used for parties and dances. The structure consists of several movements performed in the same key and is separated into different pieces. The music was primarily...

Social Media Plagiarism: The Key Issues

Giving credit for an open work satisfies the open-copyright license’s legal requirement that the writer acknowledges the work’s author. Citations are made for restricted works where the copyright holder does not grant public access to the copy. If the work is not attributed properly, it can be marked as plagiarized,...

Prevalence and Effectiveness of Laxative Use

It is necessary to admit that not all laxatives may be safe for patients and can be used for a long period. Sometimes, dependency and the worsening of bowel functions may be developed regarding the age of the patient (Chen et al., 2014). There are many reasons why nurses should...

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Home — Essay Samples — Law, Crime & Punishment — Criminology — Why I Want to Study Criminology: My Dream Job

Why I Want to Study Criminology: My Dream Job

• Categories: Criminology

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Words: 659 |

Published: Aug 30, 2022

Words: 659 | Page: 1 | 4 min read

Works Cited:

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• Pink, D. H. (2011). Drive: The surprising truth about what motivates us. Penguin.
• Reivich, K. J., & Shatte, A. J. (2002). The resilience factor: 7 keys to finding your inner strength and overcoming life's hurdles. Broadway Books.
• Seligman, M. E. (2011). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. Simon and Schuster.
• Snyder, C. R. (Ed.). (2002). Handbook of positive psychology. Oxford University Press.
• Wood, J. V. (2008). Positive psychology and change: How leadership, climate, and strategy influence happiness. Routledge.

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Introduction to Criminology Term Paper

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The term criminology refers to the design and scientific study of the extent, nature, control and cause of the criminal behaviors in both the individual and society. Crime is any act committed that deprives the individuals and the society of their values, rights and beliefs. There are different reasons why people commit crimes. Several factors such as the society, systems, culture and economy affect the criminal behaviors of a person. The criminal act may be as a result of a combination factors or one factor stated above.

The reasons behind a person’s desire for committing a crime vary from an individual to the other. The reasons include anger, greed, revenge, jealousy, or pride. Many people organize for successful crimes just to acquire and live a better life. The act is in some people. Several criminals think that the action is more lucrative than performing routine jobs. It is in their minds that crime brings joy and substantial rewards.

I think that inadequate parenting skills like neglected and sexually abused children are liable to be criminals later in life. Peer pressure and drug abuse can also lead to criminal offences. Drug users will always think negatively on how to make money for more drugs than what they have. Income and level of education is a significant factor leading to crime. Low-wage earners may be tempted to get additional resources to make ends meet.

Some will automatically prefer illegal processes to get cheap cash. Easy accesses to handguns which are sold cheaply give criminals a sense of security. They can be able to accomplish vicious crimes because of the support they get from the firearms. I may commit crime, especially white-collar crime, for monetary gain to meet my budgetary needs.

People become criminals through a process in their life. The life experiences people face in life makes them think differently and acquire new skills. They eventually chose what they want to be. It is believed that all criminals have some basic denominator.

The intention is to make some gains in their actions done. Different criminals have different reasons for their actions. Some will be criminals for a specified period while others will make it for life. The theory of sociology says that the major cause of crime is the straining groups and individuals undertake.

These people can not live without criminal acts. An individual will experience such strains when they can not achieve their goals. The same will happen when their values are taken away by other people. Lower- class people will steal to make additional money because they can not get enough from the low wages they earn. There are cases where crime follows family line. There re some instances where all family members are criminals.

The best way of taming the action in the society is by reforming the system especially the judicial, economic and the education. A change should start with oneself. The legal domain commits white-collar crimes and goes undetected.

There should be guidelines in the usage of force by law enforcers like the use of firearms. Clear guidelines on lawyers and prosecutor roles should be implemented. The principles on controlling juvenile delinquency and their protection should be entrenched in the judicial system. The length of detention should be reduced for the offenders.

Prisoners who remain in for more than two years find it hard to re-incorporate into the society. Another best way of reducing crime is by reducing the opportunities. This can be ensured by increasing the number of the police force in the streets and increasing their income. Street lights should be on all the time. Creation of employment is a principal strategy to boost the economy.

This will tame crime because many people will be earning a living. Control of outlawed drugs should be intensified to tame drug addiction among the users. I think that there should be criminal education by the judicial system to enlighten people on the dangers of crimes.

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1. IvyPanda . "Introduction to Criminology." July 17, 2018. https://ivypanda.com/essays/introduction-to-criminology/.

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Essay on the Importance of Criminology (511 Words)

Here is your Essay on the Importance of Criminology .

The need for study of criminal science (which includes criminology, penology, and criminal law) essentially emanates out of the psychological apprehension about insecurity of life, liberty and property of the people. It is the lust for wealth, satisfaction of baser urges, hatred or suspicion for one another that tends people to follow criminal behaviour and leads them to commit crime.

The science of criminology therefore, aims at taking up case to case study of different crimes and suggest measures so as to infuse the feeling of mutual confidence, respect and co-operation among the offenders. The recent penological reforms have achieved considerable success in this direction.

The criminal law has been adequately modified to adapt itself to the modem reformative policies. Liberalisation of punishment for affording greater opportunities for rehabilitation of offenders through intensive after-care programmes has been accepted as the ultimate object of penal justice. Some of the significant attributes of criminology are noted below:

(i) The most significant aspect of criminology is its concern for crime and criminals. It presupposes the study of criminal with basic assumption that no one is born criminal. It treats reformation as the ultimate object of punishment while individualisation the method of it. Most criminologists and penologists generally agree that every criminal is corrigible if offered adequate opportunities through treatment methods.

(ii) As Donald Taft rightly puts it, the study of criminology also offers a background for profession and an opportunity for social workers. The police, the lawyers, attorneys, judges, jurors, probation officers, detectives and other specialists such as psychologists, psychiatrists and sociologists, etc., need perfect knowledge of criminology and administrative machinery for criminal justice system for their professional pursuits.

(iii) Criminology also seeks to create conditions conducive to social solidarity inasmuch as it tries to point out what behaviours are obnoxious and anti-social. It tries to convince the offenders through punitive sanction that anti-social conduct on their part is bound to entail them punishment, misery, misfortune and dis-repute in society.

The reformative treatment offered to first offenders, juvenile delinquents and insane criminals is intended to reform them as law-abiding members of society. Various correctional methods are devised to achieve this purpose. The ultimate object is to render a crime-free society as far as possible with a view to attaining social harmony.

(iv) It is further to be noted that with the advance of scientific knowledge and technology the complexities of life have also considerably multiplied. This has led to an enormous increase in crime rate and many new crimes which were hitherto altogether unknown, have emerged. Thus, thefts of automobiles, shop-lifting, smuggling, cheating, financial scams, bank robberies, scandals, terrorist activities etc., have become too common these days.

Again, white collar crimes have attracted the attention of criminologists in recent years. This in turn, has led criminal law administrators to devise new methods and techniques to tackle these problems through intensive scientific researches. The modern computer related crimes have thrown new challenges before criminal law administrators throughout the world.

Besides internet gambling, on-line pornography, the menace of drug-trafficking through computer-shopping and illegal downloading of money in transit are some of the cyber-crimes which are coming to light in recent years. Thus, modem criminologists keep themselves acquainted with the new criminological developments and work out strategies to tackle these intricate problems for the protection of society.

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