which countries offer phd without masters

20 Countries Offering Affordable Doctoral Degrees or No-Cost PhDs

• by Canice Silas

Is it possible to obtain a PhD without any cost? Indeed, you may be aware that certain institutions offer tuition-free opportunities for doctoral students. Well, in a way. In this post, let us discuss the top countries that offer free tuition to PhD students or affordable doctoral degrees. Whether you take a minor issue or a major issue, education has always been a common denominator, which binds the candidates, across the globe with a thin thread.

It is the best investment, that a country and parent can make. However, it is a fact that, in today’s world, education has become the most expensive thing, it no longer remains within the reach of the common man. Hence, countries offering affordable or no-cost doctoral degrees are mostly sought after.

In the present decade, more or less every individual is aspiring to fly high in the sky but due to lack of money, their aspirations are nipped in the bud. That is why, all of a sudden, the notion of ‘’Affordable or Free Doctoral Programs” is picking up extensively and students who missed out on the chance earlier are now able to realize their dreams.

A PhD program overseas offers a lot of benefits, such as the opportunity to study at world-class institutions, broaden your horizons, gain valuable work experience, and, of course, save a ton of money.

Table of Contents

Overview of the Rising Cost of Education

The cost of tertiary education, particularly master’s and doctoral programs, is often on the rise. According to the World Economic Forum , the general cost of higher education has increased by 65%, and the cost of an undergraduate degree has surged by a massive 67%, when adjusted for inflation, from 2006 to 2016. In a 1985 report by the National Center for Education Statistics , it costs an estimated $5,504 to pursue a bachelor’s degree in the USA. Compared to 2017, the cost of pursuing the same bachelor’s degree rose to about $27,357.

In the US, the cost of college tuition is roughly 2.5 times higher in 2017 than it was in 1978 and by 2030, you can guess what it would be, adjusted for inflation. Yet in many countries, the cost is reduced for international students in doctoral programs, while some countries across Scandinavia offer open funded PhD programs.

Doctoral Education

Doctoral students are typically more mature than other students pursuing higher education, meaning that many have taken time out of their initial studies to work or raise a family. As a result, they often have substantial financial responsibilities, particularly if they have dependents of their own. Such students can’t typically look to their families as a source of financial aid, and as a result students pursuing doctoral degrees often require financial aid and scholarships to help them pay for school.

Unfortunately, money is often tight in the current economy, and this has forced many institutions to scale back their financial aid packages, or not offer any at all. With this situation at hand, those who are determined go on to look for free doctoral degree programs to pursue. But is there anything like a free PhD?

One can easily say, “low-cost PhD degrees, tuition-free doctoral studies, PhD programs without tuition fees and so on but then, the cost of living expenditures for three or more years of postgraduate research are only one of many additional costs involved with a doctorate.

Importance of Doctoral Degrees

In addition to the educational and personal fulfillment of obtaining a doctoral degree, it also carries a prestige factor with it. Doctoral degree holders are often seen as an elite group of professionals, deemed experts with the ability to work at the highest levels within a specific field or on the cutting edge of the discipline.

When you obtain a doctoral degree from an international faculty or university, this prestigious level is raised even higher and can open doors to opportunities to work and study all over the world. These doctorate programs also provide students with the opportunity to study abroad and make international connections, collaborate with colleagues from around the world and become part of the technologically dynamic international research community of universities and other institutions.

PhD is FREE in France 🇫🇷 PhD is FREE in Austria 🇦🇹 PhD is FREE in Poland 🇵🇱 PhD is FREE in Finland 🇫🇮 PhD is FREE in Norway 🇳🇴 PhD is FREE in Sweden 🇸🇪 PhD is FREE in Denmark 🇩🇰 PhD is FREE in Czech Republic 🇨🇿 PhD is FREE in the Netherlands 🇳🇱 — Your Grad Coach (@yourgradcoach) July 14, 2023

List of  Countries Offering Affordable Doctoral Degrees or No-cost PhDs

There are a few free PhD programs in Europe; however, many count countries like Germany, Norway and Sweden are among the best for affordable and practically free Doctorate degrees. Let us take a look at a list of countries offering affordable or no-cost PhD degrees

Doctoral programs in Germany differ a lot from those in the UK and USA . Generally, they are completely state-funded, with no costs for tuition. Also, a lot of doctoral programs don’t carry any tuition fees just like undergraduate programs, some charge negligible tuition fees which are in 3 digits (about €100-350) per semester. Again it is not compulsory that you pay this fee, and you can also apply for a scholarship from German-based organizations or some from overseas organizations.

Some of the notable low-cost PhD degrees are offered in law, biosciences, economics & business. The deadlines for the application to doctoral programs vary a lot between universities, between different programs in a university and between different universities offering the same program. Known as the country that invented the doctoral program, Germany offers affordable doctoral programs.

In Norway, all students can study at public universities at no cost, regardless of nationality. Students who wish to complete a doctorate in Norway should be aware that institutions in the country do not provide any support for international students who wish to gain a doctorate unless they have very high grades.

Therefore, it is important for students who wish to study in Norway to learn about and plan for all costs involved, which mostly include travel, living expenses, and tuition. Many institutions do not provide aid or information to students who come from outside of Norway.

Finland has a statutory tuition fee system for students who are not citizens of an EU/EEA member state. However, PhD students can study for free in Finland if the institution they are studying at does not charge tuition fees. Since many public universities in Finland do not charge tuition fees for PhD students, one is likely to find the availability of a doctoral program within their area of expertise where they can study for free.

Some universities in Finland that offer Doctoral programs in English are the University of Helsinki, Aalto University, University of Eastern Finland, University of Oulu, and Tampere University.

Students with permanent high-speed internet access and a valid passport or national ID can study for a doctorate free of charge at a Swedish university. This might seem too good to be true, yet Sweden has a reputation of academic excellence reaching as far back as the invention of the Nobel Prize which annually recognizes outstanding contributions in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, peace and economic sciences.

The no-tuition PhD opportunities offered in Sweden are one of the top reasons that makes Sweden a top destination for PhD research .

Denmark, like its neighbouring countries in Scandinavia, offers high quality PhD programs at a low price. Here, Phil/PhD students are charged around in tuition fees per year. Denmark also offers a range of student scholarships and grants to help cover living costs and tuition fees. One of the largest scholarship schemes is offered by the Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Higher Education and provides support for many academics.

And speaking of Austria, students of the medical sciences can expect to enjoy a tuition-free education at the doctoral level. The same applies to the life sciences, natural sciences, and technical sciences. And to the 99% of tuition-free programs, you can add the remaining 1% of paid programs. This is the price for a very small number of special programs. There is a small fee to be paid each semester to the Austrian Student Union for membership, insurance, and a postage stamp.

In Chile, tradition and modernity sit side by side. The country has invested heavily in the practice of innovative learning and is a popular choice for postgraduate students. Chile is also a country offering free or low tuition for Ph.Ds. It is in Latin America, and you may want to consider the cost of living. However, the payoff in terms of having access to some of the best natural laboratories for research in the world makes it a desirable place to pursue a doctorate.

As it turns out, France is home to the largest number of the world’s most prestigious and respected institutions. Doctorate students here not only have the privilege of earning a degree for free but can also get financial aid to help cover their living expenses. French doctorate students are also allowed to work part time to help sustain themselves during their studies. Public Universities in France offer Doctoral Programs at extremely reduced costs, and International students are eligible for the same tuition fees and scholarships that the locals are.

Czech Republic

There are plenty of reasons to consider obtaining a degree in the Czech Republic, from its rich history and hearty cuisine to its relatively cheap cities and bustling nightlife. Tuition at public universities is free for students undertaking the first degree. However, fees are subject to students who have already obtained a degree and for students who remain enrolled beyond a 12-semester limit.

The Czech Republic has a number of high-ranked universities, falls at 43rd place in the U21 ranking, and performs well in the items that focus on Connectivity and Output. In addition, the country does not lack a good number of English-taught programs.

The tuition fees at Hungarian universities are quite affordable and cost-effective when compared to universities in other European countries. For example, you can expect to pay around €1000 to €2000 per year for the regular courses in social sciences and humanities. The tuition fees for technical and science courses are around €4500 to €6000 per year. Another advantage of doing a PhD in Hungary is its favorable geographic location within Europe.

The low living costs and affordable tuition fees make it a popular student destination. As a result, the cost of living in Hungary is very low when compared to other European countries, without compromising the quality of education. Additionally, the Hungarian government offers scholarships for foreign students, providing global students with extra support to study both the Hungarian language and tuition-free Hungarian degrees.

In Holland, doctorate programs are offered mainly by organizations outside of the universities. These organizations have contracts with the universities that have the prerogative to grant doctorate degrees. Candidates complete their studies at the organization, where they are also taught and supervised. The exact procedure and requirements of the doctorate program, like the language in which the thesis must be written or the duration of the program, depend on the rules and regulations of the organization in question.

The University of Iceland offers PhD programs in a number of disciplines from the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, the School of Social Sciences, the School of Health Sciences, the School of Humanities, and the School of Education. The university emphasizes research and students who enroll in a PhD program are required to write and defend a doctoral dissertation. Most PhD programs require a master’s degree. If a candidate has a total of 90 credits of both graduate and undergraduate work in the specific discipline, a special admission ruling can be assigned.

Greece is a beautiful and historically rich country which has a long standing tradition of offering excellent and affordable education. However, if you wish to immerse yourself in a culturally stimulating environment while pursuing your doctoral degree, Greece is considered the perfect choice. The University of Athens which was founded in 1837 and is the oldest modern university in the Eastern Mediterranean, is also one of the highest-ranking universities in Greece. Many other universities offer doctoral programs in Greece, and given the low tuition fees and cost of living, it is an attractive option for students from all around the world.

New Zealand

New Zealand is liked by students from all over the world for its beautiful and impressive landscapes. In addition, the quality of education in the country is of the highest standards. New Zealand is also well-known for its research work. There are affordable and even free doctoral programs available in New Zealand for international students. In some cases, the student must pay for extra fees or supplies. This is because the fees do not include living expenses and health insurance. In some programs, the estimated living expenses are approximately $15,000 per year. On the other hand, in some programs, they are $25,000 per year.

Public universities may charge tuition fees to non-E.U. students enrolled in the university’s regular programs. The majority of programs are available in Portuguese, but some are offered in English. Doctoral programs are usually available at universities and polytechnics with research centers, as well as in the polytechnics with the College of Technology and Management. Candidates must have a master’s degree in an appropriate field, or a first degree and an outstanding academic curriculum or a particularly relevant academic or scientific curriculum.

Students pursuing a PhD in Estonia can enroll in a 4-year program, which can be extended to 6 years if necessary. Estonia is a small country located in the Baltic region, in North-Eastern Europe, with a rich history and cultural mix. While getting your degree, enjoy the lush green countryside, unique cuisine and music. Estonia is a good option for anyone wanting a cost-effective and challenging life as a PhD student.

There are several reasons that the University of Latvia can be appealing to foreign doctoral students: the array of English-taught doctoral programs in the social sciences, humanities, and natural sciences; the university’s multi-lingual community; the prevalent use of English in the state; and, of course, free tuition.

Lithuania is another European country that offers affordable education, including Doctoral degrees. One notable program is the tuition-free scholarship for places at universities run by the Republic of Lithuania Law on Higher Education and Research for persons of Lithuanian origin. This is funded by the Lithuanian government or the European Social Fund, with competition for eligible places being held each year.

In Japan, tuition for doctoral students and similar degree programs at public institutions is typically much lower than at private institutions. The majority of Japanese institutions have fees to cover matriculation, tuition, and library use and may include health insurance. However, fees vary widely and can range from 10,000 to 20,000 USD per year. Moreover, other fees related to facilities, programs, or the like might apply. Unlike in other countries, in Japan, the funding and enrollment process is entirely separate. Eligibility for funding to study is decided after the admittance into the university.

The Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, known as the National University of Córdoba, offers a prestigious, fully-funded doctorate program in Political Science. Collaborating with UADE, a private institute, the university provides financial assistance and fosters academic excellence for aspiring scholars. Through public-private partnerships, the university empowers students to contribute to political knowledge and sets an example for global educational institutions. The Universidad Nacional de Córdoba prioritizes no-cost education and equal opportunities for talented individuals in Argentina and South America.

If you are open to the idea of earning a doctoral degree in another country, you should be able to find programs with either very low tuition or no tuition at all. The trick is often in finding these programs and wading through the unique conditions of each country’s offerings. With this guide, you will have somewhere to start your search, and you can begin to ask the right questions to target communities in foreign countries and gain access to invaluable experiences, opportunities, and doctoral study options.

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Canice Silas

Canice U. Silas is a dedicated scholar who has channeled the last 20 years of his life to various forms of scholastic pursuits. He holds a BSC in Industrial Chemistry and a master's degree in Inorganic Chemistry from the prestigious Imo State University, Owerri. Mr Silas is set to complete his PhD in Inorganic Chemistry within the next six months. Passionate about the classroom from his elementary school days, Mr Silas grabbed the first opportunity that came his way at the Imo State University where he worked as A. A and currently K. O. Mbadiwe University, as a lecturer and as well has been into educational consulting for thousands of students across various tertiary institutions in the world.

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2024 Best Universities That Offer PhD Without Masters

It may sound like a dream, but universities that offer PhD without a masters do exist.

Imagine fast-tracking your way to becoming a doctor in your field, skipping the traditional master’s step, and diving straight into deep, meaningful research. This article is your guide to understanding this unconventional yet rewarding path.

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We’ll explore the ins and outs of taking this leap to help you decide if this bold academic journey aligns with your aspirations and goals.

Universities That Offer PhD without a Masters Degree

Can you get a doctorate without a masters? For some, the answer is yes. In PhD programs without masters requirements, you can start working on your PhD right after earning your bachelor’s degree. This means you can focus on intensive research and specialized studies sooner.

It’s a path that may suit you if you’re keen on deepening your knowledge and expertise without the intermediate step of a master’s program. Typical eligibility criteria for these programs include:

• Strong undergraduate academic record
• Research experience
• Recommendation letters
• Well-crafted statement of purpose
• Standardized test scores (if required)

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) , higher education often leads to better job prospects and higher earnings. This route not only saves time but can potentially set you up for promising career opportunities.

You’ll be expected to start your research early. This could be a great fit if you’re already clear about your academic interests and ready to commit to a rigorous research schedule.

Advantages of Fast-Tracking to PhD

Deciding to go straight for a PhD without a master’s degree can be a big step toward your future goals. Here are some potential benefits for considering PhD online programs without masters requirements:

• Speed up your journey : By skipping a master’s program, you may get to your career goals faster.
• Save money : Like any college program, earning a master’s degree can be expensive.
• Immediately deep dive into your interests : Passionate about your field? You may jump straight into advanced studies and research.
• Unique opportunities : These programs can help open doors to rare and exciting research chances, placing you at the forefront of innovation early in your career.
• Stand out : Earning a PhD is a powerful statement about your ambition and skills.

Stepping directly into a PhD program may allow you to fast-track your ambitions and pave the way to a fulfilling future.

Disadvantages and Challenges of Direct PhD Programs

Jumping into a PhD without a master’s degree takes courage. It’s crucial to know the hurdles that might pop up before you start researching PhD programs online without masters requirements.

These are some challenges you may encounter:

• Rapid pace : You’ll likely face a steep learning curve without the preparation a master’s program can provide.
• Immediate research pressure : You’re expected to start producing original research right away.
• Fewer networking opportunities : Skipping a master’s program means missing out on making those crucial academic connections that may be valuable down the line.
• Tougher funding : Funding opportunities often lean toward those with master’s degrees, so securing financial support might be more challenging.
• Self-doubt : Without the stepping stone of a master’s, you might question if you’re ready for this big leap.

According to the NSCRC , with more people pursuing advanced degrees, the academic world is getting more competitive. Navigating these challenges requires resilience and a clear vision of your goals. Choosing a direct PhD route is about weighing these hurdles against your determination and passion for your field.

How to Choose a Doctorate without a Masters Degree

Choosing the right PhD program is key. Here are some important factors to consider:

• Accreditation : Accreditation is like a quality stamp for the program, ensuring that it meets certain academic standards. You can find more information at the S. Department of Education – Accreditation .
• Financial aid and scholarships : Cost can be a big factor, and having financial aid or scholarships can make a huge difference. You can visit the FAFSA website for more information.
• Faculty expertise : You want to learn from the best and ensure they have experience in your area of interest.
• Research opportunities : This is your chance to get hands-on experience in your field.
• Program structure and flexibility : It’s important to consider class schedules, online vs. in-person options, and the balance between coursework and research.

Choosing the right doctorate program is a personal decision that will shape your academic journey. Taking the time to weigh these factors carefully can help you find the best choice to fit your goals and needs.

Applying to Universities That Offer PhD without a Master’s Degree

Applying for a PhD program is like presenting your academic story. Here are some tips to help make each part of your application a testament to your passion and potential:

• Your research proposal : This is a window into your interests. Show your enthusiasm and readiness for the field by making it clear, engaging, and indicative of your ability to bring fresh ideas.
• Letters of recommendation : These are your personal champions, so choose mentors or professors who know your strengths intimately and can confidently vouch for your PhD readiness.
• Showcase your research journey : Research experience is a crucial part of your narrative. Highlight your involvement in projects, papers, or presentations.
• Ace the interview : Be prepared to discuss your motivations, research interests, and how you envision your growth in the program.

Your application is a holistic reflection of your academic identity. It should showcase your achievements and excitement for research and knowledge.

Do You Need a Masters to Get a PhD?

While many paths to a PhD traditionally start with a master’s, there’s a growing trend of programs allowing students to jump straight into doctoral studies from their bachelor’s programs.

This option may be perfect for those who are clear about their research interests and ready to dive into academic exploration. If you’re passionate, determined, and have a clear vision for your research, a direct route to a PhD may be your path forward.

Universities Offering Online PhD Without Masters Degree Programs

Methodology: The following school list is in alphabetical order. To be included, a college or university must be regionally accredited and offer degree programs online or in a hybrid format.

Capitol Technology University offers a PhD in Technology with two pathways for students who may not hold a master’s degree. Applicants may either already hold a doctoral degree or earn an MS in Research Methods while earning their PhD. CapTech’s program is fully online, and residencies are not required.

Capitol Technology University is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

Clemson University offers a PhD in Healthcare Genetics and Genomics. Applicants must hold at least a bachelor’s degree in a related field with a 3.0 cumulative GPA. Applicants who hold a master’s in the field may be given preference. The program is fully online, and courses are in a synchronous format.

Clemson University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

Indiana University offers a PhD in Music Therapy through the Purdue School of Engineering and Technology at IUPUI. Students who do not already hold a master’s degree can earn a Master’s in Music Therapy through the program. The program requires the completion of 90 credit hours, including a dissertation, and is fully online.

Indiana University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Students who do not hold a master’s degree may apply for a PhD in Computer Science through Mississippi State University. The program is fully online and does not require campus visits. Courses follow a semester schedule, and there are start dates in the fall and spring. Applicants are not required to submit GRE or GMAT scores.

Mississippi State University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

Students who do not hold a master’s may earn a PhD in Computer Science through Nova Southeastern University’s bachelor’s track. The program requires the completion of 66 credits and is available fully online or on campus. The program has start dates in August, January, and May and follows a semester schedule. NSU is an NSA-designated school.

Nova Southeastern University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

Saybrook University offers a PhD in Clinical Psychology program that is fully online. Students who do not hold a master’s degree must complete 103 to 109 credits to graduate, while those who do have a master’s in a related field must complete 100 to 106 credits.

The program can typically be completed in 5 years. It offers several specializations that may be declared, including Applied Psychophysiology, Creativity Studies, and Jungian Studies.

Saybrook University is accredited by the Senior Commission of Western Association of Schools and Colleges.

The University of Arizona offers a PhD in Nursing to students who hold a BSN through its BSN-to-PhD program. The program is mostly online, but short residencies are required. The program can potentially be finished in 4 years when attended full-time. Courses follow a semester schedule, and the completion of 79 credits is required to graduate.

The University of Arizona is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission.

The University of Central Florida offers a BSN-to-PhD in Nursing program for those who do not hold a master’s degree in nursing. All coursework is online, but short intensives on campus are required throughout the program. Applicants are not required to submit GRE scores.

The University of Central Florida is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

The University of Oklahoma offers a PhD in Nursing with a fast-track to PhD option for students who have a BSN but not a master’s degree. All coursework is fully online. The program can potentially be finished in 36 months, and there are start dates in the fall, spring, and summer. The completion of 78 credits is required to graduate.

The University of Oklahoma is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

The University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee offers a fully online program for a PhD in Nursing. Students with only a BSN may apply but must complete 15 additional credits before entering the program. The program starts every other year during the summer semester. It can potentially be completed in 3 years.

UWM is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Advance Your Career: Starting Your PhD without a Masters Degree

Starting your PhD journey without a master’s degree can be a bold step forward in advancing your career, particularly if you pursue some of the highest paying doctorate degrees . It’s a path that speaks to those ready to dive into deep academic waters, driven by passion and a clear vision for their future, with the added potential of high financial rewards in cutting-edge and high-demand areas.

If this resonates with you, you can start exploring accredited universities that offer this opportunity, including those providing online PhD programs for working professionals . These flexible programs are designed to accommodate your busy schedule, allowing you to balance your professional responsibilities with your academic pursuits. Your aspirations and determination may fast-track you on your way to becoming an expert in your field!

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5 Countries That Offer Free or Very Cheap PhD Programmes

• Updated on  
• May 11, 2023

Do you currently hold a degree or a master’s degree and desire to advance your education by pursuing a PhD abroad? The good news is that those with graduate degrees, like master’s or doctoral degrees, had the best salaries and lowest unemployment rates in several countries. Is that terrible news? A PhD program overseas might be quite expensive. When studying overseas, you would have to take tuition, living fees, and other extra costs into account. However, there is a solution to this. The next step would be researching the nations with the most affordable PhD programs. Fortunately, there are quite a few nations where the cost of attending a PhD program is either zero or extremely low. This enables you to enrol in a prestigious university overseas and learn what it’s like to live in a foreign nation and adjust to other customs. You can concentrate on your studies and any other personal or professional goals when you study for a PhD abroad with little concern for your financial situation. Having said that, the following are the 5 countries that offer free or very cheap PhD programmes in the world.

This Blog Includes:

Swedish doctoral degrees, fees and funding, admissions requirements, norwegian phd fees, admission requirements, entry requirements, types of phd in germany, phd programmes, programme length, phd fees .

A Ph.D. in Economics normally includes coursework in both macroeconomics and microeconomics. However, if you intend to teach or conduct formal research in economic subjects, this is a beneficial degree. Once the proposal is approved and the oral exam is passed, the final years of enrollment are devoted to dissertation research, writing, and defence.

Sweden is the greatest option if you want to pursue a PhD in renewable energy or a field that is closely related to it. According to data, about 56 per cent of the energy utilized in Sweden in 2019 originates from renewable sources. What is the nicest thing about obtaining a PhD in Sweden? Everyone can use it for free, even students from other countries. (Note that students seeking bachelor’s or master’s degrees who are not EU/EEA citizens are not eligible for free tuition.)

Seven of Sweden’s universities are included in the top 350 universities in the world according to the QS World University Rankings 2023, making it the home to some of the most highly regarded universities in the world. The KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Lund University, the two top universities in Sweden, are 89th and 95th, respectively.

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For students in Swedish universities, a PhD signifies the pinnacle of academic success. Similar to other nations, the focus is on your independent study leading to an original thesis that adds new knowledge to the topic.

Must Read: Best Countries for PhD

In Sweden, a doctoral study might take one of two forms:

A typical Ph.D. confers a full doctorate (together with the crucial title of “doctor”) after a minimum of four years of full-time work (240 ECTS credits).

As an alternative, you might decide to pursue a licentiate degree. Typically, this only necessitates two years of full-time work toward a more condensed and modest thesis (equivalent to 120 ECTS credits). Some students first enroll for the Swedish licentiate before upgrading to full Ph.D. candidates since it is comparable to the Master of Philosophy (MPhil) degree provided in the UK or other countries.

In Sweden, there are two teaching terms (August to January and January to June), which are separated by summer and winter breaks. You will often have more flexibility throughout the year as a PhD student, but some additional courses and other activities can be connected to particular teaching periods.

There are no tuition fees for PhD study at state-funded Swedish universities (note that this does not apply to Master’s or Bachelor’s degrees). Doctoral programs are free for students from the EU, EEA, and other countries.

The same is true of application costs; there are none to be paid for a PhD in Sweden.

Although you will need to pay for your housing and living expenses, your university might be able to provide assistance.

Universities in Sweden are permitted to establish their own admittance standards for PhD programs. A bachelor’s degree in an applicable area is typically the required minimum, but a master’s degree is also preferable, especially if you’re asking for funding.

Your capacity to exhibit prior research experience will be as crucial as your previous qualifications. It is crucial that you can demonstrate some preparation for the independent research you will conduct on your PhD, even if this is just the dissertation project for one or both of your previous degrees.

Also Read: PhD in USA

Norway is another Nordic nation that ranks among the 5 countries that offer free or very cheap PhD programs. All students, regardless of nationality, are not charged tuition at Norway’s public universities. Norway’s cost of living is comparable to that of Sweden, therefore you may want to look into ways to reduce your out-of-pocket spending. Other than that, you will just need to pay a nominal semester student union charge to cover expenses like tests or sports facilities, which would only cost you between 300 and 600 Norwegian kroner (approximately INR 2353.24 to INR 4706.49). You can try your luck by submitting an application to the University of Oslo , the top-ranked institution in Norway, which is currently placed 101st in the most recent QS World University Rankings.

Following the Bologna approach, Norwegian PhD programs are third-cycle degrees. As a result, conducting research and creating a PhD thesis will be needed for you.

In Norway, PhDs frequently adhere to a standardized format. Before beginning your PhD research and thesis writing, this usually entails a training component. You might also be regarded as an employee of the university, complete with benefits. In this situation, you will need to uphold your teaching and administrative duties.

The fact that all PhD students in Norway get free tuition is a significant and alluring feature of the program. The cost of living is high in the nation. As a result, maintenance financing of some kind is typically required.

Universities in Norway do not charge tuition for their PhD programs. However, in order to join and receive a student card at many Norwegian universities, you must pay a charge of INR 4149.5 to INR 8299 to the student union each semester.

In Norway, candidates for a PhD are required to hold a master’s degree in a related field. You can check your qualifications’ eligibility at the Norwegian Agency for Quality Assurance in Education. A similar degree may be approved (NOKUT).

Each research organization has a different set of conditions for applications. Always double-check with your desired university.

Typically, PhD candidates must submit a strong research proposal or project description together with the necessary application materials. Other standard materials for PhD applications may also be requested from you. These are some extra materials that might be needed:

• certified copies of all the documents that are pertinent to your education
• a strategy for financing your studies (for the full 3-4 years of full-time study, plus information about the funding source and type)
• An explanation of any significant scholarly or material resource needs
• a minimum of one proposed academic supervisor’s name (unless stipulated otherwise)

Also Read: PhD in Netherlands

Another Nordic nation, Finland , is at the top of our list of 5 countries that offer free or very cheap PhD programs. In Finland, pursuing a PhD is entirely free, even for those who are not citizens, similar to Norway and Sweden. According to QS, Finland is home to two of the top 150 institutions. This includes the 106th-ranked University of Helsinki and the 116th-ranked Aalto University . It is distinguished as a top-tier study destination by more than just its educational features. Helsinki, the capital of Finland, is ranked 66th in the most recent QS study of “Best Student Cities.” The midnight sun and the Northern lights (aurora borealis), which fill the sky with a breathtaking vista for anywhere between 10 and 20 nights a year, are only two of the most magnificent natural phenomena that can be seen in Finland’s vast, open areas.

Finland is a very economical alternative for your PhD study abroad because of its generous higher education policy. Any student, regardless of country, is not now required to pay doctoral fees.

In contrast, fees are often charged to non-EU students for Finnish Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees.

A master’s degree (or its equivalent) from a recognized institution is necessary for admission to a PhD program in Finland.

Other prerequisites will be determined by the area of study you are applying for and the particular procedures followed by your university. If unsure, consult your department.

Germany is famous for having a top-notch educational system and for being an innovative nation. According to QS, three of its universities are among the top 100. This includes Heidelberg University, which is ranked 65th, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, which is ranked 59th, and the Technical University of Munich , which is ranked 49th. According to the most recent Best Student Cities rankings by QS, two of its cities, Munich and Berlin, are among the top 10.

Germans invented the doctoral degree, which is based on independent study leading to the submission and review of a thesis. Most colleges continue to offer this style, although some others provide more “organized” programs:

The traditional PhD requires you to choose a research project and conduct it on your own under the supervision of a qualified supervisor (Doktorvater/Doktomutter). The candidate selects the setting for their research, whether it be in a university, non-university organization, or German corporation.

Structured doctoral programs are conducted mostly in English and are focused on the global market. Along with writing your thesis, you will complete extra training, which may entail partnerships and job placements with outside research organizations.

Doctoral degrees are typically free in Germany for all students, regardless of nationality, due to the generous governmental investment in education. You might, however, have to pay additional costs while you are a student.

All public institutions in Germany offer free tuition for doctoral-level studies for up to three years (six semesters). For any additional time beyond the term of your PhD, you might have to pay tuition.

Despite not having to pay tuition, you will still need to pay a semester contribution (Semesterbeitrag), which typically ranges from INR 8k to INR 29k. This pays for office expenses, student government, and student services (Studentenwerk).

In general, you must have completed at least eight semesters of college work before enrolling in a PhD program in Germany. Your final certification must be on par with a German master’s degree.

Additionally, the Dean’s Office (Dekanat) or Board of Examiners (Promotionsausschuss) at your university must acknowledge your prior higher education degree(s).

International students with exceptional qualifications may be admitted to a PhD program with a Bachelor’s degree (fast-track program), albeit you will normally need to pass an entrance exam.

France , which has four universities ranked among the top 100 by QS, is another nation that makes it to our list of 5 countries that offer free or very cheap PhD programmes. French institutions demand comparatively little tuition. A typical annual cost at a public university, for instance, is around 380 euros (INR 31k at the time of writing). Three French cities—Lyon, Toulouse, and of course, the nation’s capital Paris, which is placed ninth by QS—are included in the top 100 Best Student Cities list as a result of their high academic standing and affordable tuition.

The bulk of PhDs is completed as part of a program inside doctoral schools, although French universities occasionally do offer specific doctoral research programs.

The number is 266 in total. In order to provide doctorate training for PhD candidates and foster the growth of early career researchers, they are affiliated with universities and work in partnership with related research laboratories and other centres.

For a typical three-year PhD, a “doctorate” consists of six semesters, yielding two teachings (or research) semesters annually:

• late September to early January, with a break between Christmas and New Year
• early February to early June, with a spring break at Easter for several colleges

Exams are normally held at the conclusion of each semester, and institutions take a three-month summer break from July to September. As a full-time student, you will typically complete your PhD in France in 3–4 years.

The current French PhD tuition is the same for all students, regardless of nationality. But costs can differ greatly depending on whether you attend a public or private school (such a Grandes École).

Must Read: PhD in Switzerland

Public institutions charge substantially lower tuition since the State invests an average of INR 11,62,147.82 per student, per year.

The following fees may apply depending on your institution:

• Fees for PhD students at public institutions are €380 annually.
• Private institutions – Tuition at private institutions, particularly business schools, range from INR 2.49 Lakh to INR 8.30 Lakh per year.
• Administrative fees (frais de dossier), which universities may impose, are normally modest—a few tens of euros.

In France, each institution is permitted to establish its own standards and conduct personalized evaluations. However, in order to enroll as a PhD student, you will normally need to hold a Master’s degree (or equivalent) in a suitable field.

If you are pursuing your master’s degree and expect to graduate before the PhD program begins, you may apply.

Additionally, you could be accepted based on your performance on entrance tests and in pre-college courses like the ‘Classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles’ (CPGE), which is a frequent practice among French Grandes Écoles.

Pursuing PhD in Finland is entirely free.

The average cost of PhD in the UK is GBP 40,000 (INR 40.67 Lakh)

One of the top countries to pursue an MBA abroad is the United States of America.

Hope now you know 5 countries that offer free or very cheap PhD programmes. Not sure which country to choose for your PhD? Don’t worry! Our Leverage Edu experts will provide you with end-to-end assistance starting from your university application to the time you reach your university and commence your studies. Call us at 1800 57 2000 to book a FREE 30-minute counselling session today.

Nikita Puri

Nikita is a creative writer and editor, who is always ready to learn new skills. She has great knowledge about study abroad universities, researching and writing blogs about them. Being a perfectionist, she has a habit of keeping her tasks complete on time before the OCD hits her. When Nikita is not busy working, you can find her eating while binge-watching The office. Also, she breathes music. She has done her bachelor's from Delhi University and her master's from Jamia Millia Islamia.

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PhD without a Master’s Degree? Exploring Direct PhD Programs

Introduction

What is a direct phd program.

• Pros of Doing a PhD Without a Master's Degree
• Cons of Doing a PhD Without a Master's Degree
• Fields in Which it is More Common to Enter a PhD Program Without a Master's Degree
• Fields in Which a Master's Degree is Often Required for Admission to a PhD Program
• How to Apply for a PhD Program Without a Master's Degree
• Examples of Successful PhD students who did not have a Master's Degree
• Top Universities Offering PhD without Master's Degree

Direct PhD Programmes in United States:

Direct phd programmes in europe:, direct phd programmes in australia:, direct phd programmes in asia:.

During my teaching years at a premier Engineering institute in India, I encountered an intriguing case that shed light on the possibility of pursuing a PhD without a master’s degree.

One day, a former student reached out to me with exciting news. She had successfully cleared the Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE), a qualifying exam for admission to postgraduate programs. Even more surprising was her plan to directly join the PhD program at the prestigious Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi.

Initially, I found this puzzling—how could one step into a PhD without completing a master’s degree? It turned out that such programs do indeed exist at IITs and other esteemed institutions in India and abroad.

Intrigued by this revelation, I delved deeper into the details and later shared this valuable information with many students. Little did I know that this piece of knowledge would significantly benefit aspiring scholars aiming for a direct PhD path.

A PhD, or Doctor of Philosophy, is the highest level of academic degree that one can achieve in many fields. It typically involves several years of intensive research and coursework in a specialized area and completing a dissertation that makes an original contribution to the field. A PhD can lead to many career opportunities, including positions in academia, industry, and government.

The traditional path to a PhD usually involves completing a bachelor’s degree in a related field, followed by a master’s degree before starting the PhD program. The bachelor’s degree provides a broad foundation in the field, while the master’s degree provides more specialized training and research experience that prepares students for the rigours of a PhD program.

However, some students may wonder whether it is possible to skip the master’s degree and go straight into a PhD program. This can be an attractive option for students who want to save time and money, or who have extensive research experience that makes them well-prepared for a PhD program.

In this article, we will explore the pros and cons of doing a PhD without a master’s degree, as well as some examples of successful PhD students who took this route.

A direct PhD program, sometimes referred to as an integrated or combined PhD program, is a doctoral-level academic program that allows students to pursue a PhD degree without first obtaining a master’s degree.

In traditional PhD programs, students typically complete a master’s degree before embarking on their doctoral studies. However, in a direct PhD program, students are admitted directly into the PhD program after completing their undergraduate studies.

Direct PhD programs are often structured to be more streamlined, allowing students to move directly into advanced research and coursework related to their field of study. These programs are typically designed for highly motivated and academically strong students who demonstrate exceptional potential for research and scholarly work.

The specific structure and requirements of direct PhD programs can vary depending on the university and the field of study. In some cases, students may be required to complete additional coursework or examinations to ensure they have the necessary background knowledge and skills for doctoral-level research. However, the overall goal of these programs is to accelerate the process of earning a PhD by allowing students to begin their doctoral studies earlier in their academic career.

Pros and Cons of Doing a PhD Without a Master’s Degree

While it is possible to pursue a PhD without completing a master’s degree, there are several potential advantages and disadvantages to consider.

Pros of Doing a PhD Without a Master’s Degree

• Saving time and money: Completing a master’s degree can add two or more years to the time it takes to earn a PhD, as well as significant tuition costs. Skipping the master’s degree can allow students to complete their PhD more quickly and with fewer expenses.
• Gaining more research experience: Some students may already have extensive research experience, either through undergraduate research opportunities or work in a related field. Skipping the master’s degree can allow these students to continue building on their research skills and contribute to the field more quickly.

Cons of Doing a PhD Without a Master’s Degree

• Lack of preparation in research methodology and theory: Master’s degree programs often provide students with more specialized training in research methods and theoretical frameworks, which can be valuable preparation for a PhD program. Skipping the master’s degree can mean missing out on this preparation and potentially struggling to keep up with the demands of a PhD program.
• Potential challenges in meeting admission requirements: Some PhD programs may require applicants to have a master’s degree or equivalent research experience, which can make it difficult for students who have not completed a master’s degree to be accepted into a PhD program. Additionally, some students may need to complete additional coursework or exams to meet the admission requirements for a PhD program.
• A student who completed a bachelor’s degree in computer science and spent several years working in the industry as a software developer may have gained extensive research experience in a specialized area of computer science. This student may be well-prepared to pursue a PhD in computer science without completing a master’s degree.
• A student who completed a bachelor’s degree in psychology and has some research experience through undergraduate research opportunities may struggle to keep up with the demands of a PhD program in psychology without completing a master’s degree that provides more specialized training in research methods and theoretical frameworks.

Fields in Which it is More Common to Enter a PhD Program Without a Master’s Degree

While it is not uncommon for students to pursue a master’s degree before starting a PhD program, there are some fields where it is more common for students to enter a PhD program directly after completing a bachelor’s degree. These fields include:

• Engineering: In many engineering disciplines, it is common for students to enter PhD programs directly after completing a bachelor’s degree. This is because engineering programs often provide students with extensive research experience and specialized training in research methods and theoretical frameworks that prepare them for a PhD program.
• Natural Sciences: In fields such as biology, chemistry, and physics, it is also common for students to enter PhD programs directly after completing a bachelor’s degree. This is because these fields often require extensive research experience and specialized training in laboratory techniques and scientific methods, which students can gain through undergraduate research opportunities and coursework.

In these fields, students who have completed a bachelor’s degree and have extensive research experience may be well-prepared to pursue a PhD program without completing a master’s degree. However, it is important to note that this may not be the case in other fields, such as the social sciences or humanities, where a master’s degree may be more commonly required or preferred for admission to a PhD program.

It is important for students to research the admission requirements and expectations for PhD programs in their chosen field before deciding whether to pursue a master’s degree or apply directly to a PhD program after completing their bachelor’s degree.

Fields in Which a Master’s Degree is Often Required for Admission to a PhD Program

While it is possible to pursue a PhD without completing a master’s degree, there are some fields where a master’s degree is often required or preferred for admission to a PhD program. These fields include:

• Humanities: In fields such as history, philosophy, and literature, it is common for students to complete a master’s degree before applying to a PhD program. This is because these fields often require extensive coursework and training in research methods and theoretical frameworks, which students can gain through a master’s degree program.
• Social Sciences: In fields such as psychology, sociology, and political science, a master’s degree is often required or preferred for admission to a PhD program. This is because these fields often require specialized training in research methods and statistical analysis, which students can gain through a master’s degree program.

In these fields, students who have completed a bachelor’s degree but do not have a master’s degree may find it difficult to gain admission to a PhD program. This is because PhD programs in these fields often have high admission standards and may require applicants to have completed a master’s degree or equivalent research experience.

• A student who completed a bachelor’s degree in English literature and has some research experience through undergraduate research opportunities may need to complete a master’s degree in order to gain admission to a PhD program in literature. This is because PhD programs in literature often require extensive coursework and training in research methods and theoretical frameworks.
• A student who completed a bachelor’s degree in psychology and has some research experience through undergraduate research opportunities may be able to apply directly to a PhD program in psychology. However, some PhD programs in psychology may require applicants to have completed a master’s degree or equivalent research experience, which could make it difficult for this student to gain admission without completing a master’s degree.

How to Apply for a PhD Program Without a Master’s Degree

While it can be challenging to gain admission to a PhD program without a master’s degree, there are some steps that students can take to increase their chances of success. These steps may include:

• Demonstrating exceptional academic qualifications: Students who have completed a bachelor’s degree with exceptional grades and have a strong academic record may be more likely to be considered for admission to a PhD program without a master’s degree.
• Demonstrating research potential: Students with extensive research experiences, such as through undergraduate research opportunities or independent research projects, can demonstrate their potential for success in a PhD program.
• Completing additional coursework or exams: Some PhD programs may require applicants without a master’s degree to complete additional coursework or exams to demonstrate their readiness for PhD-level work. This may include completing additional courses in research methods, statistics, or theory, or taking qualifying exams to demonstrate mastery of the field.
• A student who completed a bachelor’s degree in physics with exceptional grades and extensive research experience may be able to gain admission to a PhD program in physics without completing a master’s degree. This is because the student has demonstrated exceptional academic qualifications and research potential.
• A student who completed a bachelor’s degree in history and has some research experience through undergraduate research opportunities may need to complete additional coursework or exams to gain admission to a PhD program in history. This is because PhD programs in history often require extensive coursework and training in research methods and theoretical frameworks, which students may not have gained through their undergraduate studies alone.

It is important for students to research the admission requirements and expectations for PhD programs in their chosen field before deciding whether to pursue a master’s degree or apply directly to a PhD program after completing their bachelor’s degree. Students may also want to reach out to professors and advisors in their field to discuss their options and receive guidance on the application process.

Please visit my article on “How to Build a Strong Research Portfolio in 07 Easy Steps” . This article will help you in building a strong research portfolio. Visit my blog post sections on writing research papers for journals and writing research papers for conferences . These articles will help you in writing quality papers for journals and conferences.

Examples of Successful PhD students who did not have a Master’s Degree

While it is less common for students to enter a PhD program without a master’s degree, there are examples of successful PhD students who have done so. These students have demonstrated exceptional academic qualifications, research potential, and perseverance in their programs. Some examples of successful PhD students who did not have a master’s degree include:

• Dr. Jennifer Doudna: Dr. Doudna is a biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2020 for her work on the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system. She entered a PhD program in biochemistry at Harvard University directly after completing her bachelor’s degree at Pomona College. She completed her PhD in just four years and went on to a successful career in academia and research.
• Dr. Maryam Mirzakhani: Dr. Mirzakhani was a mathematician who won the Fields Medal, often considered the highest honour in mathematics, in 2014. She completed her bachelor’s degree in mathematics in Iran and then entered a PhD program in mathematics at Harvard University without completing a master’s degree. She completed her PhD in just three years and went on to a successful career in academia and research.
• Dr. David Gelernter: Dr. Gelernter is a computer scientist and artist who completed his bachelor’s degree in mathematics and classical Hebrew literature at Yale University. He then entered a PhD program in computer science at the same institution without completing a master’s degree. He completed his PhD in three years and went on to a successful career in academia and research.

These examples demonstrate that it is possible for students to succeed in PhD programs without completing a master’s degree. However, it is important to note that these students had exceptional academic qualifications, research potential, and perseverance and that their success was not guaranteed.

Students who are considering applying to PhD programs without completing a master’s degree should carefully consider their own academic qualifications and research potential and should seek guidance and support from advisors and mentors in their field.

Top Universities Offering PhD without Master’s Degree

While it is less common for universities to offer PhD programs without a master’s degree, there are some prestigious institutions around the world that do accept students into PhD programs without a master’s degree in certain fields. Here are some examples:

• Harvard University, USA : Harvard’s Graduate School of Arts and Sciences allows exceptional students to apply directly to their PhD programs without a master’s degree in fields such as physics, chemistry, mathematics, and computer science.
• Stanford University, USA : Stanford’s School of Engineering offers a direct PhD program for exceptional students in fields such as electrical engineering, computer science, and mechanical engineering, without requiring a master’s degree.
• University of Cambridge, UK : The University of Cambridge’s PhD programs in sciences and engineering fields may admit students without a master’s degree on a case-by-case basis, considering their qualifications and research potential.
• Imperial College London, UK : Imperial College London’s PhD programs in engineering and physical sciences may admit students directly from a bachelor’s degree, based on their qualifications and potential for research.
• ETH Zurich, Switzerland: ETH Zurich, a leading institution in science and engineering, may admit students into their PhD programs without a master’s degree, considering their academic achievements and research potential.
• IIT Delhi, India : a leading institution in engineering, admit students into their PhD programs without a master’s degree, considering their academic achievements and research potential.

It’s important to note that the admission requirements and policies for PhD programs without a master’s degree can vary by institution and field of study and may be subject to change. It’s always recommended to thoroughly research and review the specific requirements of each institution and program you are interested in, and contact the admissions offices for up-to-date and accurate information.

Direct PhD Offered in Various Continents/Countries

• Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
• California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
• Stanford University
• Harvard University
• Princeton University
• University of Cambridge (UK)
• University College London (UK)
• ETH Zurich (Switzerland)
• Technical University of Munich (Germany)
• University of Amsterdam (Netherlands)
• Australian National University
• University of Melbourne
• University of Sydney
• University of Queensland
• Monash University
• National University of Singapore
• Tsinghua University (China)
• University of Tokyo (Japan)
• Seoul National University (South Korea)
• Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) – Various campuses in India

These universities, among many others, offer direct PhD programs across a wide range of disciplines including engineering, natural sciences, social sciences, humanities, and more. It’s important to research each program carefully to understand its specific requirements, application process, and available funding opportunities.

Pursuing a PhD without a master’s degree is possible but it is less common and comes with its own set of challenges. In this article, we have discussed the pros and cons of doing a PhD without a master’s degree, fields in which it is more common to enter a PhD program without a master’s degree, and fields in which a master’s degree is often required for admission to a PhD program. We have also provided some advice on how to apply for a PhD program without a master’s degree and shared examples of successful PhD students who did not have a master’s degree.

For students who are considering pursuing a PhD without a master’s degree, it is important to carefully consider their academic qualifications and research potential. They should also seek guidance and support from advisors and mentors in their field, and consider completing additional coursework or exams to prepare for the rigors of a PhD program.

In conclusion, the decision to pursue a PhD without a master’s degree is a personal one and should be made after careful consideration of the individual’s goals, strengths, and weaknesses. We encourage readers to engage with the topic further by researching specific PhD programs and seeking advice from mentors and advisors in their field.

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• PhD Study, for Free? – 14 Countries That Charge Very Little (or Nothing!) for Doctoral Degrees

There are many reasons to study abroad for a PhD – accessing unique research opportunities, studying at globally renowned universities, expanding your horizons and having new experiences – but the chance to pay less for your degree is definitely one of them.

In fact, you may have heard that some places let doctoral students study for free. Is there really such thing as a free PhD? Well, sort of. There are several countries that don't charge any 'tuition fees' to PhD students and I'm going to list a selection of them in this blog.

Before I do though, it's important to understand that 'fee-free' isn't quite the same as 'free'. There are lots of other costs associated with a PhD besides university fees, not least living expenses across three (or more) years of postgraduate research.

You may also find you need to pay for research trips or materials during your doctorate and some universities will also charge small amounts for registration or student union membership. The bottom line is that you may still need some funding , even if your PhD itself is 'free'.

But paying nothing (or very little) for your PhD fees will certainly make a doctorate easier to fund. Let's take a look at some of the places around the world where you can do that.

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Austria charges no PhD fees at public research universities. However, this condition only applies to EU and EEA students who finish their doctorates on time (extra semesters cost €363.36 each). International students pay fees throughout their degrees, but the maximum cost is capped by the Austrian Government at a fairly low €726.72 per semester.

EU and EEA students do pay fees to study at Austria's universities of applied sciences and all students pay a small students' union contribution.

Read our guide to PhD study in Austria for more information, or take a look at some current Austrian PhD opportunities .

The country that invented the PhD is also one of the most affordable places to study a doctorate in Europe. Germany's public universities charge no PhD fees to any students (this is different to Masters degrees, which do charge fees to international students in some cases).

Be aware that doctoral students do have to pay a small administration fee of €100-350 per semester. You may also incur fees if your PhD lasts longer than three years.

Read our guide to PhD study in Germany for more information, or take a look at some current German PhD opportunities .

Czech Republic

The Czech Republic is home to some of Europe's most historic universities and its public institutions charge no fees to any PhD students. There is a catch though: you'll need to complete your PhD in Czech. English-language programmes are available, but will generally charge additional fees.

Read our guide to PhD study in the Czech Republic for more information, or take a look at some current Czech PhD opportunities .

Denmark is another European country that charges no PhD fees to EU, EEA and Swiss students at public universities. International students do pay relatively high fees, however.

Read our guide to PhD study in Denmark for more information, or take a look at some current Danish PhD opportunities .

Public universities in Finland charge no PhD fees to any students, regardless of nationality. This is different to Finnish Masters programmes which do charge fees to international students.

Read our guide to PhD study in Finland for more information, or take a look at some current Finnish PhD opportunities .

Norway is another Nordic country that doesn't charge fees to any students at its public universities (including those from outside the EU and EEA). However, you will have to pay a small semester fee whilst studying.

Read our guide to PhD study in Norway for more information, or take a look at some current Norwegian PhD opportunities .

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia takes a fairly unique approach to PhD funding. All students' fees are automatically covered by scholarships (which also help cover living costs). Basically, if you're accepted by a university, your PhD will be fully funded.

Read our guide to PhD study in Saudi Arabia for more information, or take a look at some current Saudia Arabian PhD opportunities .

A Nordic country that – you guessed it – doesn't charge PhD fees at public universities. Sweden also goes a little further and pays some PhD students a study grant to help cover living costs.

Read our guide to PhD study in Sweden for more information, or take a look at some current Swedish PhD opportunities .

Honourable mentions

There are also a few countries where PhD study isn't automatically 'free' but where the fees charged are very low, or some students may be exempt from paying them.

PhD study in Brazil is free for domestic students at public universities (as part of constitutional higher education policy), but many institutions also extend this offer to international postgraduates.

PhD study isn't free in France , but it is remarkably cheap. All students pay €380 per year at public universities. This is different to Masters degrees which charge a higher rate to international students.

Hungarian universities offer a limited number of state-funded PhD places to EU, EEA and Swiss students. If you're accepted on to one of these you'll pay no fees and also receive a maintenance grant.

The Netherlands

Students who are accepted for a PhD in the Netherlands are often classified as university employees during their doctorate. If this is this the case for you, you won't pay traditional PhD fees and may also receive a salary and / or other benefits.

New Zealand

Students do pay fees for PhD study in New Zealand . However, there isn't a higher rate for international students, which makes the country a relatively affordable option for study abroad (as well as a very attractive and exciting one!).

Remember. . .

As I said at the beginning of this post, there's more to a free PhD than low fees. With a few exceptions, most of the countries above will still expect students to support themselves and this often means finding additional PhD funding for accommodation and living costs.

Fee policies can also change year-on-year, so make sure you're signed up to our newsletter for the latest updates.

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You may need to take a language test to apply for a PhD abroad as an international student. Our guides explain recognised tests in English, German, French and other languages.

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Can You Get a PhD without a Masters?

• Applying to a PhD

Yes, it’s possible to get a PhD without first having a Masters degree .

The conventional route for someone who earns a PhD is to pursue a Bachelor’s degree, followed by a Masters degree and then a PhD. However, several students opt to bypass a Master’s degree by enrolling onto a doctoral programme as soon as they complete their undergraduate degree.

Before we discuss how this can be done, it is worth mentioning the advantages and disadvantages of this route.

Advantages of Applying to a PhD without A Masters

The motivations for undertaking a PhD immediately after an undergraduate course are largely in saving money and time. This is because you will essentially eliminate a year of study. Another advantage of immediately enrolling onto a doctorate degree is project availability. If you find a project that you’re really interested in, it’s unlikely that it will still be available in a years’ time. Therefore, bypassing a Masters and enrolling directly into a PhD will increase your chances of securing the research project before it becomes unavailable.

Disadvantages of Applying to a PhD without A Masters

Although a Masters degree will add a year onto your academic journey, it can be incredibility helpful for your development and can help prepare you for a doctoral degree.

Not having a Master’s degree may prove to be a hindrance during your application process. This is because many other students will also apply to the same research projects, and it’s likely that the majority will hold a Masters. This will put you at a disadvantage to them.

Besides this, the dissertation project you’ll be required to undertake on a Master’s programme will provide you with a taste of what it is like to work on a research-based project. In addition to this, it’s likely that you’ll be able to select your own dissertation topic. As such, you can explore a specific field you’re interested in in further detail. This is a great way to confirm that both research-based work and the specific field you’re interested in are right for you before committing the next few years to it via a PhD.

Another advantage to the dissertation project associated with a Masters degree is the opportunity it provides you with to work closely with a project supervisor. This will help you understand the PhD student-supervisor relationship and communication frequency that works best for you. You can then use this knowledge to find supervisors who would compliment you when it comes time to find a PhD project to apply to. For tips on how to find a great PhD supervisor, check out our supervisor guide .

PhD without a Masters – How Does It Work?

To be considered for a PhD without a Master’s, at a minimum you will be expected to have a Bachelors degree. For students looking to enrol onto a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths) PhD, a relevant Bachelors in a 3-year undergraduate course is usually expected. However, this is not the case for students looking to apply to non-STEM PhDs. Rather, students looking to apply to doctorates in subjects such as those surrounding Arts and Humanities are usually expected to have a relevant Bachelors from a 4-year course.

In addition to this, you will need to have demonstrated strong academic performance during your undergraduate course. This means that your Bachelors will need to be at least a UK Upper Second-Class Honours (2.1) for nearly all institutions to consider you.

Should you be accepted into a PhD programme without a Masters, the usual process will be to first register you as an MPhil student. You will then have a year to prepare and submit a thesis. Your thesis will need to detail the research you have carried out within that year and outline how you intend to continue it into a full PhD study. There are three outcomes of this MPhil thesis review:

• Failure and you’re not awarded anything.
• You pass, however, the supervisor doesn’t believe you’ve demonstrated strong research skills. You’re awarded an MPhil but they do not upgrade your course to a PhD programme.
• You pass and the supervisor believes you have proven yourself as a capable researcher. Your course is upgraded to a PhD as opposed to you being awarding an MPhil.

For more information on these outcomes, read the outcomes section of our PhD Viva guide .

Integrated PhD

Some universities offer Integrated PhD degree programmes (also known as an Integrated Masters degree). These are four-year programmes comprising of a one-year Masters degree immediately followed by a three-year PhD degree. These can prove a great option for graduate students who are looking to undertake a PhD without a Masters but are struggling to meet the eligibility requirements. You can read about the many benefits of  integrated degrees here .

Finding a PhD has never been this easy – search for a PhD by keyword, location or academic area of interest.

PhD without a Bachelors – Is It Possible?

Yes, it is possible to get a PhD without a Bachelor’s, however, this is extremely uncommon.

When this occurs, it is almost always reserved for very mature individuals. For example, an individual may not be in active academia but still may have significantly contributed to their field. This contribution could be through the work they have undertaken as part of their career, or as part of a long-term study project, they have undertaken out of self-interest.

In either case, the individual would need to prove that they have extensive experience in their field and have directly contributed to new knowledge within it. The key factor here is that their work has pushed the boundaries of existing knowledge. It is not enough for an individual to be regarded as an expert in their field – they must have contributed something new and meaningful. It’s common for individuals awarded a PhD through this means to have produced several publications within their lifetime. It’s also common for the individual to have gained several professional accreditations within their field before even being considered suitable for a PhD research degree.

Universities Offering PhD without a Masters

Unfortunately, there is not a centralised list of universities which offer PhDs without a Master’s degree. The reason for this is that the edibility requirements differ from PhD to PhD and from department to department.

Therefore, you will need to check the guidelines for each individual university and the requirements for each specific PhD you’re interested in.

Should you find a PhD programme you can apply to with a Bachelors, make every effort to make your application as strong as possible. This is because you will be competing against other candidates, most of who will have a Master’s degree.

Not only can you strengthen your application by having a Bachelors with a First-Class Honours (1st), but you can also do so by showing the traits of a successful researcher. This includes showing a genuine interest in the project, a high work ethic, and exceptional communication skills.

Additionally, a strong letter of recommendation from a respected university lecturer will prove very beneficial. This is especially true if the lecturer supervisors his or her own PhD students. This is because the lecturer will understand the skills required for an adept research student.

For more advice on how to apply to a PhD degree, check out our Application Process Guide.

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