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Science News – Bias and Credibility

PRO-SCIENCE

These sources consist of legitimate science or are evidence-based through the use of credible scientific sourcing.  Legitimate science follows the scientific method, is unbiased, and does not use emotional words.  These sources also respect the consensus of experts in the given scientific field and strive to publish peer-reviewed science. Some sources in this category may have a slight political bias but adhere to scientific principles. See all Pro-Science sources.

• Overall, we rate Science News a Pro-Science source based on support for the consensus and proper sourcing to credible outlets and peer-reviewed journals.

Detailed Report

Bias Rating: PRO-SCIENCE Factual Reporting: VERY HIGH Country: USA MBFC’s Country Freedom Rating: MOSTLY FREE Media Type: Magazine Traffic/Popularity: Medium Traffic MBFC Credibility Rating: HIGH CREDIBILITY

Founded in 1922 , Science News is an American bi-weekly magazine devoted to short articles about new scientific and technical developments, typically from recent scientific and technical journals. Sciencenews.org is the online edition of the magazine. The current editor is Nancy Shute. According to their about page , “Our mission is to provide independent, unbiased coverage of science and give people the tools to evaluate the news and the world around them.”

Read our profile on the United States government and media.

Funded by / Ownership

Science News is owned and published by Society for Science & the Public , a 501(c)3 non-profit organization dedicated to promoting science through its science education programs and publications. Revenue is generated through subscriptions, memberships, donations, and advertising.

Analysis / Bias

In review, Science News publishes news and information on scientific trends and recent peer-reviewed research on a wide range of scientific disciplines. Articles and headlines do not use loaded language such as this The FDA has approved the first treatment for Ebola . This news report is sourced from the Food and Drug Administration.

Science News is a pro-science source as they support the consensus of science on all topics, including climate change , GMOs , and vaccinations . Further, they always source information from credible outlets and journals.

Failed Fact Checks

• None in the Last 5 years

Overall, we rate Science News a Pro-Science source based on support for the consensus and proper sourcing to credible outlets and peer-reviewed journals. (D. Van Zandt 11/6/2016) Updated (09/19/2023)

Source:  https://www.sciencenews.org/

Last Updated on September 19, 2023 by Media Bias Fact Check

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Engineered bacteria destroy antibiotic resistance dna in wastewater.

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Here are 5 exoplanet mysteries the James Webb telescope could help solve

This space telescope could reveal much about the formation, makeup and evolution of distant exoplanets.

Metal gives the teeth of Komodo dragons their super strength

Many flowers and ferns lure in ants as bodyguards

Robotics might someday give us an extra hand

The periodic table might soon have a new element, a cosmic explosion this summer may add a ‘new star‘ to the night sky, a childhood dog inspired this veterinarian to help others , word of the week.

Scientists Say: Telomere

These protective caps at the ends of chromosomes play a key role in cell replication.

Experiments

Experiment: Why does the moon look larger on the horizon?

In this experiment, let’s investigate Emmert’s law, which may explain the full moon optical illusion.

Technically Fiction

Superman’s kryptonite doesn’t have a true equal on Earth

Though not quite kryptonite, some Earth minerals can glow under ultraviolet light. Excited electrons cause these real-life power stones to light up.

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Explainer: Earth — layer by layer

Explainer: How do mass and weight differ?

Ötzi the mummified Iceman actually froze to death

Back to School

Let’s learn about why schools should start later

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that middle and high schools start no earlier than 8:30 a.m.

Think twice before using ChatGPT for help with homework

Let’s learn about dealing with math anxiety, top 10 tips on how to study smarter, not longer.

Tiny treadmills reveal how fruit flies sprint

Forcing fruit flies to move shows how the insects coordinate their steps. This holds clues to other animals’ brains and movement.

Belugas can warp and wiggle their forehead fat like Jell-O

Turning jeans blue with sunlight might help the environment

This egg-laying amphibian feeds its babies ‘milk’

What the weird world of protists can teach us about life on Earth

More stories, hawaii’s kilauea volcano recently erupted like a stomp rocket, analyze this: where are u.s. earthquakes most likely.

Sci-fi inspired spacesuit recycles pee into drinking water

Astronomers caught a supermassive black hole turning on for the first time.

Lasers help put the cork on spilled oil

Laser-based tech can identify illegal elephant ivory, environment.

To limit pollution, new recipe makes plastic a treat for microbes

Scientists say: carbon capture, bottled water hosts many thousands of nano-sized plastic bits, freeze-drying turned a woolly mammoth’s dna into ‘chromoglass’.

Just how brainy was a T. rex ?

Herbal medicine could help recovery after concussion, handwriting may boost brain connections that aid memory, forget moon walking, lunar visitors. try horizontal running, experiment: measure the speed of light with a laser, here’s why scientists want a good quantum computer, health & medicine.

A little-known gene may explain why some people never get COVID-19

This spice could be the basis of a smart, infection-fighting bandage, period blood could help diagnose diabetes and other illnesses.

Night Science Podcast: A Walk on Science’s Creative Side

Combating Age-Related Motor Decline

Biotechs Bolster Biosecurity to Safeguard the Future of Nucleic Acid Sequencing

From symphony to structure: listening to proteins fold, prenatal inflammation makes mice susceptible to asthma, a better mucus model.

Science News

'Doomsday glacier' won't collapse the way we thought, new study suggests

By Mathieu Morlighem published 23 August 24

MIT scientists build hair-size batteries that can power cell-sized robots

By Stephanie Pappas published 23 August 24

An internal power source could enable the development of tiny robots for applications like drug delivery and remote sensing.

What is the 'tree of life'?

By Emma Bryce published 23 August 24

The tree of life maps out the relationships between all living things, and it's in constant flux.

Meet LUCA, the 4.2 billion-year-old cell that's the ancestor of all life on Earth today

By Tiffany Taylor published 23 August 24

New research gives insight into when the ancestor of all living things lived, and it's earlier than we thought.

Racetrack Playa: The home of Death Valley's mysterious 'sailing stones'

By Sascha Pare published 23 August 24

In Racetrack Playa, a dry lakebed in Death Valley National Park, meteorological conditions can push rocks weighing up to 700 pounds along the flat ground.

Viking Age stone figurine unearthed in Iceland — but no one can agree on which animal it is

By Margherita Bassi published 23 August 24

The small, four-legged figurine is carved out of stone, but it's unclear which animal it depicts.

'Once-in-a-lifetime' photo: Perseid meteors, northern lights and rare glowing arc shine over 11th-century castle

By Daisy Dobrijevic published 23 August 24

An astonishing scene featuring Perseid meteors and colorful auroras played out overnight on Aug. 12 and Aug. 13 above the U.K.'s 11th Century Corfe Castle.

'A single magma ocean' once covered the moon, data from India's Chandrayaan-3 mission suggests

By Joshua Snape published 22 August 24

The moon was once engulfed by a massive magma ocean, analysis of geological samples collected by India's Chandrayaan-3 mission suggests.

Chlamydia may hide in the gut and cause repeated infections

By Emily Cooke published 22 August 24

A mini model of the human intestines suggests that chlamydia bacteria can colonize the gut, potentially contributing to recurrent infections.

Rare 'doomsday fish' said to bring earthquakes spotted in California days before LA quake

By Patrick Pester published 22 August 24

Beachgoers found a rare oarfish off California two days before an earthquake, mirroring folklore that says the deep-sea creatures are "doomsday fish."

Some black holes have a 'heartbeat' — and astronomers may finally know why

By Paul Sutter published 22 August 24

A tiny fraction of known black holes emit X-ray signals that resemble a human "heartbeat." Now, new research may finally explain the strange phenomenon.

The brain stores at least 3 copies of every memory

A new study in mice suggests that the brain creates multiple copies of memories, which enables it to regulate how they change over time.

This transparent sea creature can age in reverse

By Sascha Pare published 22 August 24

The sea walnut, a type of comb jelly that has become invasive in parts of Europe and Asia, can transform from a sexually mature adult back into its larval form when times are tough.

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Live Science x HowTheLightGetsIn — Get discounted tickets to the world’s largest ideas and music festival

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World's 1st flexible solar panel is thin enough to turn your smartphone case into a mini power generator

By Rory Bathgate published 22 August 24

Cheap and flexible perovskite solar cells could revolutionize solar power, making it easier than ever to power the world with sunlight.

Weird mystery waves that baffle scientists may be 'everywhere' inside Earth's mantle

By Stephanie Pappas published 22 August 24

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Remains of 14th-century gauntlet discovered in Oslo's medieval harbor

By Kristina Killgrove published 22 August 24

Archaeologists excavating Oslo's medieval harbor have unearthed the remnants of a 14th-century gauntlet.

Boy finds Roman-era gold military bracelet while walking dog in UK

By Laura Geggel published 21 August 24

The newfound bracelet was likely awarded for a feat of valor carried out during Rome's conquest of Britain.

See the moment the blue supermoon 'gobbled up' Saturn in epic astrophotography image

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Review Articles

Sophisticated natural products as antibiotics

This Review examines the diverse strategies utilized by naturally occurring antibiotics and suggests how they have provided, and will in future provide, inspiration for the design of novel antibiotics.

• Richard E. Lee
• Ingo Wohlgemuth

Expanding chemistry through in vitro and in vivo biocatalysis

This Review considers developments in enzymes, biosynthetic pathways and cellular engineering that enable their use in catalysis for new chemistry and beyond.

• Elijah N. Kissman
• Max B. Sosa
• Michelle C. Y. Chang

Decoding the interplay between genetic and non-genetic drivers of metastasis

This Review discusses the importance of genetic and non-genetic reprogramming events during the metastatic cascade.

• Panagiotis Karras
• James R. M. Black
• Jean-Christophe Marine

Bridging structural and cell biology with cryo-electron microscopy

The interplay between cryo-electron microscopy and cryo-electron tomography to define complex macromolecular assemblies and visualize them in situ is explored.

• Eva Nogales
• Julia Mahamid

Ion and lipid orchestration of secondary active transport

This Review describes the various mechanisms of ion-coupled transport across membranes and how the activities of transporter proteins are modulated by the composition of the lipid bilayer.

• Olga Boudker

Natural killer cell therapies

This Review explores in detail the complexity of NK cell biology in humans and highlights the role of these cells in cancer immunity.

• Eric Vivier
• Lucas Rebuffet
• Valeria R. Fantin

A break in mitochondrial endosymbiosis as a basis for inflammatory diseases

We suggest that as mitochondrial signals probably contribute to the homeostatic role of inflammation, dysregulation of these processes may lead to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, with increasing evidence pointing to the recent failure of endosymbiosis being crucial.

• Michael P. Murphy
• Luke A. J. O’Neill

Molecular pathology of neurodegenerative diseases by cryo-EM of amyloids

Structural studies of amyloid filaments purified from brains of people with neurodegenerative diseases link specific amyloid folds with distinct diseases and provide a basis for the development of models of neurodegenerative disease.

• Sjors H. W. Scheres
• Benjamin Ryskeldi-Falcon
• Michel Goedert

From target discovery to clinical drug development with human genetics

This Review provides a perspective on the development of non-cancer therapies based on human genetics studies and suggests measures that can be taken to streamline the pipeline from initial genetic discovery to approved therapy.

• Katerina Trajanoska
• Claude Bhérer
• Vincent Mooser

Scientific discovery in the age of artificial intelligence

The advances in artificial intelligence over the past decade are examined, with a discussion on how artificial intelligence systems can aid the scientific process and the central issues that remain despite advances.

• Hanchen Wang
• Marinka Zitnik

Physiology and diseases of tissue-resident macrophages

This Review addresses the current understanding of the roles of tissue-resident macrophages in physiology and disease, including their development and their functions in tissue remodelling and nutrient recycling.

• Tomi Lazarov
• Sergio Juarez-Carreño
• Frederic Geissmann

A second wave of topological phenomena in photonics and acoustics

The current state of the art of topological phenomena in photonics and acoustics is reviewed and future research directions for valuable applications are discussed.

• Xiujuan Zhang
• Farzad Zangeneh-Nejad
• Johan Christensen

The neuroscience of cancer

This Review examines the interplay between the nervous system and tumours, from cancer initiation to progression and metastasis.

• Rebecca Mancusi
• Michelle Monje

Reappraising the palaeobiology of Australopithecus

This Review examines the palaeobiology of Australopithecus in terms of morphology, phylogeny, diet, tool use, locomotor behaviour and other characteristics, and considers the role of this genus of hominins in human evolution.

• Zeresenay Alemseged

Computational approaches streamlining drug discovery

Recent advances in computational approaches and challenges in their application to streamlining drug discovery are discussed.

• Anastasiia V. Sadybekov
• Vsevolod Katritch

Revisiting the Holocene global temperature conundrum

Examination of available evidence on whether anthropogenic global warming was preceded by a long-term warming trend or by global cooling provides support for a relatively mild millennial-scale global thermal maximum during the mid-Holocene.

• Darrell S. Kaufman
• Ellie Broadman

River ecosystem metabolism and carbon biogeochemistry in a changing world

A review of current river ecosystem metabolism research quantifies the organic and inorganic carbon flux from land to global rivers and demonstrates that the carbon balance can be influenced by a changing world.

• Tom J. Battin
• Ronny Lauerwald
• Pierre Regnier

Topological kagome magnets and superconductors

Recent key developments in the exploration of kagome materials are reviewed, including fundamental concepts of a kagome lattice, realizations of Chern and Weyl topological magnetism, flat-band many-body correlations, and unconventional charge-density waves and superconductivity.

• Jia-Xin Yin
• M. Zahid Hasan

Brain borders at the central stage of neuroimmunology

Anatomical, cellular and molecular immune interactions at the borders of the central nervous system control homeostatic brain function and can lead to neurological or psychiatric diseases, representing potential therapeutic targets.

• Justin Rustenhoven
• Jonathan Kipnis

Origin of life-forming volatile elements in the inner Solar System

The processes that distributed life-forming volatile elements throughout the early Solar System and how they then became incorporated into planetary building blocks are reviewed.

• Michael W. Broadley
• David V. Bekaert
• Bernard Marty

Quick links

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Revolutionary Solar Cells Set To Slash Costs and Boost Energy Production

Rice University’s new method for synthesizing stable, high-quality perovskite solar cells promises to revolutionize solar…

The Mysteries of Human Development: Researchers Decipher Key Developmental Signals

New research has revealed new insights into human embryonic development, showing that the duration of…

Ancient Ocean Currents Reveal Alarming Future for North Atlantic Life

Georgia Tech’s study reveals how weakened Atlantic circulation during the Younger Dryas reduced North Atlantic…

Scientists Uncover Stress-Relief Benefits of the Mediterranean Diet

New research reveals that adhering to the Mediterranean diet may help reduce stress. Unlike the…

Revolutionary Superconductor Set to Turbocharge Quantum Computers

Physicists have developed a groundbreaking superconductor material that could revolutionize the scalablity and reliability of…

Fundamental Nature of Chemical Bonding Unveiled by Groundbreaking Visualization of Valence Electrons

Researchers at Nagoya University have made a significant breakthrough in chemistry by experimentally observing the…

Smoke Streams From Wildfires Raging in Madeira

Heat and wind gusts helped the blazes spread through over 5,700 hectares of forest. In…

Defying Gravity: Space Research Shatters Old Models of Chemical Mixing Dynamics

Experiments in weightlessness isolate the classic phenomenon of diffusion. For years, researchers have developed various…

Beyond the Gross Factor: The Healing Powers of Parasitic Worms

Rutgers University researchers have uncovered a protein from gut parasitic worms that accelerates wound healing…

Solving the Puzzle of X-Ray Radiation From Black Holes

Researchers at the University of Helsinki have advanced our understanding of black holes using supercomputer…

Alzheimer’s Drug May Slow Progression of Lewy Body Dementia

Lewy body disease, particularly dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), affects a significant portion of dementia…

Countdown To Escape: NASA and Boeing To Decide Starliner’s Fate

NASA and Boeing are currently analyzing data to determine the future of the Starliner spacecraft,…

Massive Hailstone Collection Unlocks Secrets of Storm Behavior

University of Queensland researchers are enhancing storm predictions by creating a ‘hailstone library’ with real…

This COVID Mutation Could Explain Your Brain Fog

Researchers have identified a key mutation in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 that increases its…

Rethinking the “Doomsday Glacier”: Scientists Challenge Alarming Antarctic Ice Collapse Predictions

Researchers are questioning the model of rapid polar ice collapse, but they still describe the…

August 2024 Supermoon Rises Over “Rocket City”

A super blue Moon, combining the brightness of a supermoon with the rarity of a…

Nature’s Hidden Highway: Over 17 Million Insects Migrate Through a Single Mountain Pass Each Year

An annual migration of over 17 million insects through the Pyrenees has been documented, showcasing…

Rewriting History: Ice Age Hunters Used Planted Pikes, Not Throwing Spears, To Bring Down Mammoths

UC Berkeley archaeologists suggest that the findings could help settle the debate over Clovis points…

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Scientists Made a List of Lost Birds and Now They Want Us to Find Them

Some 144 bird species had not been seen in at least a decade, but a project by conservation organizations proposes they all may still be hidden somewhere in the wild.

  By Jim Robbins

These Fossils Are Found All Over, but What Made Them Was a Mystery

Scientists in Brazil identified marine worms that made at least some trace fossil burrows called Bifungites.

  By Priyanka Runwal

Under a Frozen Army Base, He Found Incredible Fossils

In a new book, geologist Paul Bierman recounts the moment he found astonishing evidence that Greenland’s ice sheet had melted in the ancient past.

  By Emily Anthes

How Did the First Cells Arise? With a Little Rain, Study Finds.

Researchers stumbled upon an ingredient that can stabilize droplets of genetic material: water.

  By Carl Zimmer

A ‘Speedy Little Star’ May Be on Course to Escape Our Galaxy

The so-called hypervelocity object, which is either a low-mass star or a brown dwarf, is traveling through the Milky Way at around a million miles an hour.

  By Katrina Miller

Scientists Seeking Life on Mars Heard a Signal That Hinted at the Future

In 1924, a radio receiver built for the battlefields of World War I tested the idea that humans were not alone in the solar system, heralding a century of searches for extraterrestrial life.

  By Becky Ferreira

Stranded in Space? NASA Doesn’t See the Starliner Astronauts That Way.

NASA doesn’t say the Boeing Starliner astronauts are ‘stranded’ on the space station, but it’s a word that a lot of people are using.

  By Kenneth Chang

Ancient Scribes Got Ergonomic Injuries, Too

The scriveners of ancient Egypt were more than papyrus pushers, but they suffered many of the same repetitive ailments as desk jockeys today, a new study suggests.

  By Franz Lidz

Unusual Origin Found for Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs

A study adds strong evidence to the hypothesis that the deadly rock came from a family of objects that originally formed well beyond the orbit of the planet Jupiter.

How Science Went to the Dogs (and Cats)

Pets were once dismissed as trivial scientific subjects. Today, companion animal science is hot.

Their Job Is to Help You Grieve Your Pet

Though still rare, social workers in animal hospitals are growing in their ranks.

  By Katie Thomas and Jamie Kelter Davis

The Pet ‘Superheroes’ Who Donate Their Blood

Transfusions have become an important part of veterinary medicine, but cat and dog blood is not always easy to come by.

Why You’re Paying Your Veterinarian So Much

People have grown more attached to their pets — and more willing to spend money on them — turning animal medicine into a high-tech industry worth billions.

  By Katie Thomas

Are We Loving Our Pets to Death?

Pet owners are treating their animal charges ever more like humans. But that isn’t good for pets, or for us, many experts argue.

  By Linda Baker

This Spider Uses a Light Show to Trick Eager Male Fireflies Into Its Web

In China, the arachnids seem to somehow manipulate the flashing of a caught male firefly to resemble a female’s come-hither signal.

  By Darren Incorvaia

Fossils Show Giant Predatory Sea Scorpions Were Distance Swimmers

Specimens of what appear to be the largest eurypterid species found in Australia could shed light on the sudden extinction of the massive arthropods.

  By Rebecca Dzombak

Beware the Toxic and Explosive Blue Backpack This Termite Carries

Scientists studied the unusual chemical reaction used by a species of the insect in an act of self-sacrifice to save nests from invaders.

  By Veronique Greenwood

How the World’s Oldest Humpback Whale Has Survived Is a Mystery

Old Timer, a male first photographed in 1972, was spotted last month near Alaska, enduring in the Pacific Ocean while some other humpbacks have struggled in a changing environment.

Saving Australian Crocodiles by Yucking Their Yum

The aquatic reptiles cannot resist eating invasive toads that are toxic, so scientists gave the crocodiles a dose of nonlethal food poisoning to adjust their behavior.

  By Jack Tamisiea

Scientists Find Arm Bone of Ancient ‘Hobbit’ Human

New fossils from Indonesia, including the smallest humerus ever found from an adult hominin, belonged to the tiny Homo floresiensis species, researchers said.

How Did Roses Get Their Thorns?

The “prickles,” as botanists call them, evolved in roses and other plants thanks to a single gene, a new study found.

A Test for Life Versus Non-Life

In a new book, physicist Sara Walker argues that assembly theory can explain what life is, and even help scientists create new forms of it.

The Chimps Who Learned to Say ‘Mama’

Old recordings show captive chimps uttering the word, which some scientists believe may offer clues to the origins of human speech.

Early Humans Left Africa Much Earlier Than Previously Thought

Scientists have found evidence of several waves of migration by looking at the genetic signatures of human interbreeding with Neanderthals.

Climate and Environment

Harris Goes Light on Climate Policy. Green Leaders Are OK With That.

President Biden made climate change a cornerstone of his agenda. Vice President Kamala Harris has yet to detail her own plan.

  By Lisa Friedman

‘Worst-Case’ Disaster for Antarctic Ice Looks Less Likely, Study Finds

Global warming is putting the continent’s ice at risk of destruction in many forms. But one especially calamitous scenario might be a less pressing concern, a new study found.

  By Raymond Zhong

New York City’s Trees Work Hard. Still, They Could Use a Little Help.

A chemical reaction involving emissions from cars and buildings can negate their environmental benefits. New research shows what big cities can do about it.

  By Austyn Gaffney

Greenpeace Tries a Novel Tactic in Lawsuit Over Dakota Access Pipeline

The environmental group, which is being sued by the pipeline company in North Dakota, threatened to use new European rules to try to limit potential damages.

  By Karen Zraick

How Close Are the Planet’s Climate Tipping Points?

Earth’s warming could trigger sweeping changes in the natural world that would be hard, if not impossible, to reverse.

  By Raymond Zhong and Mira Rojanasakul

Why Mpox Vaccines Aren’t Flowing to Africans in Desperate Need

Drugmakers have supplies ready to ship that are necessary to stop a potential pandemic. But W.H.O. regulations have slowed access.

By Stephanie Nolen

Judge Blocks E.P.A. From Using Civil Rights Law in Pollution Case

The decision is a setback for a Biden administration strategy for protecting minority communities with numerous polluting industries nearby.

By Lisa Friedman

Helen Fisher, Who Researched the Brain’s Love Circuitry, Dies at 79

A biological anthropologist, she worked with colleagues to confirm for the first time that love is hard-wired in the brain.

By Richard Sandomir

Counting All the Fish in the Sea May Be Even Trickier Than Scientists Thought

A new study suggests that estimates of the health of the world’s fisheries may be too optimistic.

By Manuela Andreoni

Many Climate Policies Struggle to Cut Emissions, Study Finds

The most effective ones tend to combine several emissions-cutting strategies, not a stand-alone approach, according to an examination of 1,500 policies globally.

By Austyn Gaffney

New Covid Shots Were Approved. But Who Will Get Them?

Many older Americans, including those in nursing homes, aren’t getting booster shots.

By Benjamin Mueller and Noah Weiland

Psychedelic Drugs May Give a Glimpse Into Near-Death Experiences

A survey revealed similarities between these two altered states of consciousness.

By Rachel Nuwer

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Book Review: Former Pentagon insider says U.S. unwilling to release all its UFO info

This cover image released by William Morrow shows “Imminent: Inside the Pentagon’s Hunt for UFOs” by Luis Elizondo. (William Morrow via AP)

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A procession of books in recent years have explored the UFO phenomenon but few perhaps with the authority Luis Elizondo brings as a Defense Department insider, laboring for decades to learn who the visitors are, where they are from and what they want.

In the 275 pages of “Imminent: Inside the Pentagon’s Hunt for UFOs,” Elizondo provides evidence of what the U.S. Department of Defense knows with this somewhat surprising conclusion – Defense Department higher-ups often thwart Elizondo and his team’s efforts.

Why? Elizondo writes that the defense establishment doesn’t want to present a problem it neither can explain nor offer a solution. But are these visitors a threat? Elizondo concludes that the visitors’ capabilities make them a “very serious national security issue.”

Earliest documented UFO sightings go back to before World War II and since then, many UFOs have violated sensitive military airspace but no one appears to have been deliberately hurt by a UFO in the United States. However, perhaps given his combat experiences and long association with Defense Department work, Elizondo worries about another 9-11-type attack, a threat we should have anticipated but did not.

Elizondo deploys way too many government acronyms — consider AAWSAAP/AATIP, for example — but he’s undeniably thorough in presenting what he has worked on and learned over two decades. Pages of diagrams and explanations suggest how UFOs might propel themselves.

Elizondo became so alarmed at what he was learning about UFOs that the Defense Department refused to disclose to the public that he ultimately resigned his job with the Defense Department so he could go public with much of what he knows about the presence of visitors whose vehicles are far more advanced than what we earthlings have built. Several passages in the book are redacted and Elizondo writes multiple times that he cannot say more about certain subjects.

Perhaps more alarmingly, as he points out, the Defense Department and other government entities at every level tend to regard our elected representatives as “temporary hires” who need to be managed and fed information as the departments see fit. The Defense bureaucracy, for example, didn’t trust President Nixon, so it didn’t tell him much about UFOs.

The Defense Department recently has released more information on UFOs, thanks largely to Elizondo and his colleagues, but given the reluctant government pace, the bureaucracy doesn’t appear to judge UFOs as an “imminent” threat.

Meantime, the American people — make that the world — seem to regard the proven-beyond-reasonable-doubt arrival of visitors from far away as news eliciting little more than a shrug.

A Defense Department briefing detailing much more of what it knows might change that. A good starting point might be what happened to the remains of non-human bodies that have been recovered from crash sites.

Elizondo fears the Defense Department never will disclose what it knows about that.

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4 civilians prepare for the riskiest SpaceX mission to date

Crew will be exposed to the vacuum of space.

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Next Monday, if all goes to plan, a four-person crew will blast off from Cape Canaveral, Fla., aboard a SpaceX rocket, on their way to making history.

Funded by billionaire Jared Isaacman, the five-day mission has several scientific goals, but the biggest and undoubtedly riskiest one is the first commercial spacewalk.

"Whatever risk associated with it, it's worth it," said Isaacman during a press conference on Monday.

It's the first in-flight test of SpaceX's sleek new extravehicular (EVA) spacesuit, based off its intravehicular one.

But this spacewalk will be quite different from those with which we're most familiar. The SpaceX Crew Dragon capsule doesn't have an airlock, so the entire spacecraft will be depressurized, with all four crew members testing the new suits.

The crew consists of Isaacman, CEO of Shift4, a payment processing company based out of Pennsylvania; Scott "Kidd" Poteet, a former air force colonel; Sarah Gillis, a SpaceX engineer and astronaut trainer; and Anna Menon, another SpaceX engineer who also serves in mission control.

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The launch is scheduled for no earlier than Aug. 26 at 3:30 a.m. ET.

It will be Isaacman and Gillis who will conduct the spacewalk 700 kilometres above Earth three days into the mission.

"EVA is a risky adventure. But again, we did all the work to really get ready for this," said Bill Gerstenmaier, who was head of NASA's human spaceflight until 2020. He is now an engineer at SpaceX.

The mission has been two-and-a-half years in the making.

"We kind of built off of what NASA's heritage was, but I think we've also extended NASA's heritage a little bit further," he said.

SpaceX founder Elon Musk has the ultimate goal of colonizing Mars, so the spacesuits are a necessary step. 

"It's not lost on us that, you know, it might be 10 iterations from now and a bunch of evolutions of the suit but that someday someone could be wearing a version of which that might be walking on Mars," Isaacman said. "And [it's] a huge honour to have that opportunity, to test it out on this flight."

Boldly going

Emmanuel Urquieta, vice-chair of aerospace medicine at the University of Central Florida, said there is a lot of history to support this historic spacewalk.

"I think the philosophy from these missions — Polaris Dawn and, in general, the Polaris program — is to follow the same fashion as the Gemini programs back in NASA," he told CBC News. "We were developing a real space program looking at one capability after the other one, right, demonstrating first that you're able to do it."

The first spacewalk in history was on March 18, 1965, by Soviet cosmonaut Alexei Leonov. The U.S. followed on June 3, 1965, with astronaut Ed White.

WATCH | Edward White's First Spacewalk:

Similar to the upcoming SpaceX spacewalk, there was no airlock, so the Gemini spacecraft had to be depressurized. 

But it's not all about the spacewalk.

There will be several other scientific objectives, including orbiting at a far higher altitude than the International Space Station (ISS).

The ISS orbits at roughly 400 kilometres, but Polaris Dawn will orbit at 1,400 kilometres during the mission. The goal is to better understand space radiation on the human body, as their orbit will take them partially out of the Van Allen Belt, a region that protects us from this harmful radiation.

They will also study other aspects of spaceflight on the human body, as well as a new form of laser communication using Starlink satellites.

The crew members say they are looking forward to their mission.

"I think it will without a doubt impact me. It already already has. These last two-and-a-half years have been absolutely impactful in the most incredible way," said mission specialist Anna Menon at Monday's press conference.

"I've spent years trying to put myself in the seat of astronauts in space, and I am really looking forward to learning firsthand what that experience is actually like."

As for Isaacman, this will be his second flight. He was on the first all-civilian Inspiration4 mission in 2021 on board a SpaceX capsule.

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"Being in space [there was] an unexpected moment where the moon rose while I was looking at Earth. I didn't expect to see it and it was just, 'Man, we gotta just keep this thing going,'" Isaacman said about space exploration.

"You know, I wasn't alive when humans walked on the moon. I'd certainly like my kids to see humans walking on the moon and Mars and venturing out and exploring our solar system."

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Senior Science Reporter

Based in Toronto, Nicole covers all things science for CBC News. As an amateur astronomer, Nicole can be found looking up at the night sky appreciating the marvels of our universe. She is the editor of the Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada and the author of several books. In 2021, she won the Kavli Science Journalism Award from the American Association for the Advancement of Science for a Quirks and Quarks audio special on the history and future of Black people in science. You can send her story ideas at [email protected].

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