assignment zsh

Chapter 5: Substitutions

5.1: quoting, 5.1.1: backslashes, 5.1.2: single quotes, 5.1.3: posix quotes, 5.1.4: double quotes, 5.1.5: backquotes, 5.2: modifiers and what they modify, 5.3: process substitution, 5.4: parameter substitution, 5.4.1: using arrays, 5.4.2: using associative arrays, 5.4.3: substituted substitutions, top- and tailing, etc., 5.4.4: flags for options: splitting and joining, 5.4.5: flags for options: glob_subst and rc_expand_param, 5.4.6: yet more parameter flags, 5.4.7: a couple of parameter substitution tricks, 5.4.8: nested parameter substitutions, 5.5: that substitution again, 5.6: arithmetic expansion, 5.6.1: entering and outputting bases, 5.6.2: parameter typing, 5.7: brace expansion and arrays, 5.8: filename expansion, 5.9: filename generation and pattern matching, 5.9.1: comparing patterns and regular expressions, 5.9.2: standard features, 5.9.3: extensions usually available, 5.9.4: extensions requiring extended_glob, 5.9.5: recursive globbing, 5.9.6: glob qualifiers, 5.9.7: globbing flags: alter the behaviour of matches, 5.9.8: the function zmv.

Fixing "zsh: bad assignment" error in Linux

The other day I was trying to create an alias in Linux for repetitive commands. An alias is a name that is translated as another name or command (or a set of commands).

So, I tried to create the alias in the following manner:

And it threw me the following error:

If you are a regular user of the Linux command line, you must have identified the error on the previous command. But I was preoccupied with my program in C++ and I did not notice the obvious error here.

In fact, I thought it to be an error with the way I used the combination of error for the alias. So, I fiddled for a couple of minutes and just to make sure what I was doing wrong, tried this command:

Now, I was certain that there was no error with the commands this time but I git the same result as above:

And that’s when I realized my mistake. You see, I have been working a lot with C++ and was following the standard of using spaces before and after the assignment operator (=). And that is what I used here as well. And shell does not like the wastage of “space”.

I removed the extra white spaces before and after the = and voilà! There it worked like a charm.

In fact, the same error can be encountered with the export command as well or any other variable assignments in the shell. There should not be spaces before and after equals sign.

This taught me a lesson to not waste white space while dealing with shell scripts and Linux commands. It’s not the same as writing programs in other languages.

I would add this tiny learning lesson to my list of things to know about the Linux terminal.

I hope you would not have to waste your time with this problem if you mind those spaces before and after the equals sign.

Abhishek Prakash

Created It's FOSS 11 years ago to share my Linux adventures. Have a Master's degree in Engineering and years of IT industry experience. Huge fan of Agatha Christie detective mysteries 🕵️‍♂️

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How to make a permanent alias in oh-my-zsh?

In my .zshrc I tried to make a few aliases .I looked into a lot of places, but I couldn't find out a way that worked. I used this code below:

Then I wrote a command source ~/.zshrc . Still it didn't resolve the issue. I get error messages like zsh: command not found: j

Could anyone help me with any suggestions and let me know what am I doing wrong?

• command-line

• 4 Judging from the (mutliple) comments and from the error I suppose each alias is actually set on a single line, correct? –  kos Commented Apr 17, 2016 at 22:49

There must not be any whitespaces around between = and either alias name or alias definition:

BTW: If you are looking for a way to shorten directory names, I suggest looking into Named Directories and the AUTO_CD option instead of aliases:

This allows you to use ~w instead of ~/Documents/UoMWorkspace/Semester2 and ~j instead of ~/Documents/UoMWorkspace/Semester2/COMP17412 (or ~w/COMP17412 ). So cd ~j is identical to cd ~/Documents/UoMWorkspace/Semester2 . It also works as part of a path, e.g. cat ~j/somedir/somefile .

zsh will automatically cd to a directory if it is given as command on the command line and it is not the name of an actual command. e.g.

• 1 As a further explanation why not use spaces before and after the equation sign:e.g. a = b : This will be considered as a command a with two parameters ( b and = ) and will throw an error: zsh: command not found: a . If you put alias before that ( alias a = b ), it will be somehow similar. –  Timo Commented Oct 22, 2017 at 7:29
• 1 Isn't that AUTO_CD cause your command history unreadable? –  nanono Commented Apr 18, 2020 at 3:34
• 2 @nanono That depends on what you mean by "unreadable". By itself AUTO_CD does nothing more than allow to switch into directories by only using their paths instead of using the cd command. Of course, if you make active use of this feature, it is not easy to tell from the history whether the command docs ran a executable of that name or if it was used to switch into a directory named "docs". –  Adaephon Commented Apr 21, 2020 at 15:04
• Special thanks for shortening directories names - I have been looking for it –  bora89 Commented Jan 7, 2021 at 14:08

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Why does ZSH local variable assignment fail?

I was reading this question and answer: zsh - variable assignment isn't working . The post explains how to fix it, but not why. Why does the local variable assignment fail in that case ?

There are also some other examples of similar behaviour like this:

This results in the following output:

If I put quotes around the 'x="$(echo "a b")" in all cases I get the correct variable assignment.

If I run the same thing in bash, I get 'a b' for all functions.

Can someone explain why bash and zsh are acting differently here ?

• environment-variables

If you run your script with -x (both bash and zsh ) you will see that the $(...) code gets interpreted/parsed differently. This is because, as stated in the FAQ , word splitting in zsh is backwards/bash/sh incompatible.

You can use SH_WORD_SPLIT to address this difference.

Ok, so it is not a word split problem as we have a command substitution, quoting the docs again:

...If the substitution is not enclosed in double quotes, the output is broken into words using the IFS parameter...

So your alternative is to local IFS="" :/

• that doesn't seem to work: zsh -x test.sh +test.sh:1> setopt shwordsplit +test.sh:21> myfun +myfun:2> echo 'a b' +myfun:2> local 'x=a' b +myfun:2> echo a –  theooze Commented Jun 29, 2015 at 12:19

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(eval):15 bad assignment when using '=' as alias #523

japborst commented Aug 19, 2018

danielshahaf commented Aug 19, 2018

Sorry, something went wrong.

I recommend that you upgrade zsh. (You seem to be on Debian jessie/oldstable. Debian stretch/stable is new enough.) Your workaround is good too.

To devs: 1. I'm not sure if calc defines widgets; if it does, the workaround would require redrawhook to be merged for full functionality; 2. if #252 were implemented it would sidestep this class of issues entirely.

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The capital city of Omsk oblast: Omsk .

Omsk Oblast - Overview

Omsk Oblast is a federal subject of Russia located in the south-eastern part of Siberia, in the Siberian Federal District. Omsk is the capital city of the region.

The population of Omsk Oblast is about 1,879,500 (2022), the area - 141,140 sq. km.

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History of Omsk Oblast

Ancient people began to settle in the area of the middle reaches of the Irtysh River about 45,000 years ago. This region became the place of numerous migrations of different peoples, of interpenetration of forest and steppe cultures. In the Middle Ages, the territory of the present Omsk region was part of the Western Turkic Khanate and the Siberian Khanate. As a result, an ethnic group of the Siberian Tatars was formed. This region was also inhabited by Kazakhs and other peoples.

The history of the development of the Irtysh by Russians is connected first of all with the legendary Yermak. Although even before him, in the 15th century, Russian merchants from the Urals visited the Siberian Khanate.

In the early 18th century, major reforms carried out by Peter the Great required large expenses. The first Russian emperor turned his attention to the east. He sent a detachment of Cossacks under the command of the lieutenant-colonel I.D.Bukhgolts from the town of Tobolsk up the Irtysh River in search of gold deposits.

More Historical Facts…

The expedition failed because of resistance from the nomads Dzhungars. Russians were forced to take a step back. In 1716, they founded a fortress at the mouth of the Om River - future Omsk. Russian peasants began to settle in the land around the fortress. To the south of Omsk, a line of outposts was constructed for protection from the nomads.

In 1782, the fortress became a town. Omsk district was formed on the basis of the southern part of Tarsky district and, in 1785, the town of Omsk was given a coat of arms. Omsk became an important center for the study of Siberia and Central Asia. This region like other parts of Siberia was used as a place for political exile.

In the 19th century, the people exiled to Siberia were the Decembrists, Petrashevts, Narodniki, representatives of other revolutionary parties and organizations, participants of the Polish national movement. These people had a major cultural impact on the local population. The great Russian writer F.M.Dostoyevsky was one of the prisoners of the Omsk jail.

In the late 19th and early 20th century, Siberia experienced significant changes. Large-scale migration of peasants led to the rapid growth of the local economy, especially agriculture. Due to its favorable economic and geographical location, at the intersection of the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Irtysh River, Omsk rapidly turned into a large transport, trade and industrial center of Western Siberia, the largest city in Siberia.

During the Second World War, about 100 industrial plants were evacuated from the European part of the USSR to Omsk. They became the basis of the local engineering industry. In 1949, the first refinery in Siberia was constructed in Omsk. In 1954-1956, during development of virgin lands, several large agricultural enterprises were built in the southern part of Omsk Oblast. In the 1970s, Omsk oblast became one of the most economically developed regions of Siberia.

Pictures of Omsk Oblast

Wooden chapel in Omsk Oblast

Author: Sedov Artem

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Author: Heinrich Jena

Provincial life in the Omsk region

Author: Baranov Pavel

Omsk Oblast - Features

Omsk Oblast is located in the south of the West Siberian Plain, in the middle reaches of the Irtysh River, with steppes in the south, which turn into forest steppes, forests and marshy tundra in the north. The territory of the region stretches for about 600 km from north to south and 300 km from west to east. In the south, Omsk Oblast borders with Kazakhstan.

The largest cities and towns of Omsk Oblast are Omsk (1,126,000), Tara (28,500), Kalachinsk (21,900), Isylkul (21,700). The main river is the Irtysh with its tributaries (the Ishim, Om, Osha, and Tara). The Trans-Siberian Railway is an important traffic artery. There is an international airport in Omsk.

The climate is continental and sharply continental. The average temperature in January is minus 19-20 degrees Celsius, in July - plus 17-18 degrees Celsius in the northern part and plus 19 degrees Celsius in the south.

Omsk Oblast has such natural resources as oil, natural gas, brown coal, iron ore, various construction materials. Main manufacturing, construction and trade are carried out in Omsk. Industrial sector is represented by military, aerospace and agricultural engineering, petrochemical, light and food industries.

Agriculture is represented by crops, dairy and beef cattle, pig and poultry farming. Cereals (wheat, rye, oats, barley), potatoes, vegetables, sunflower, and other crops are cultivated.

Attractions of Omsk Oblast

A lot of sights can be found in Omsk. The most interesting places located outside the city are:

• Achairsky Convent in the upper reaches of the Irtysh River, 50 km from Omsk;
• St. Nicholas Monastery in the village of Bolshekulache, 20 km from Omsk;
• Nature reserve “Bairovsky” created for the preservation and reproduction of rare and valuable species of birds and animals;
• Batakovo tract - a natural and archaeological park on the left bank of the Irtysh River, 150 km north of Omsk, in Bolsherechensky district;
• Znamenskiy museum of local lore dedicated to the history and nature of Omsk oblast, located in one of the oldest settlements of the region - in the village of Znamenskoye;
• Chudskaya mountain on the left bank of the Irtysh River, 3 km north of Znamenskoye;
• Lake Ulzhay - a relict water reservoir in the northwest of Kurumbelskaya steppe, in Cherlaksky district, 160 km from Omsk;
• Lake Ebeyty in the southwest of the region;
• Lake Platovskoye located to the north-east of the village of Platovo in Polstavskiy district;
• “Bird’s Haven” - a natural park located in Omsk;
• “Devil’s finger” - a rock on the right bank of the Irtysh, 2 km from the village of Serebryanoye, on the territory of Gorky district.

Omsk oblast of Russia photos

Nature of omsk oblast.

Omsk Oblast landscape

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Omsk Oblast scenery

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Small river in Omsk Oblast

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Wooden house in the Omsk region

Winter in Omsk Oblast

Wooden church in Omsk Oblast

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zsh: bad subscript for direct array assignment: 0

I have the following bashscript below. My goal is to itterate over multiple files in the directory. The name of the files will be batch_1, batch_2, batch_3, batch_4 , etc. There should be no more than 7 batches.

I have the following script below.

However, when I run this I receive the error zsh: bad subscript for direct array assignment: 0

Does any know what can cause this specifically with my script? Or possible solutions? Any advice may help.

• shell-script

• 2 You're still not quoting your variable expansions, and still pointlessly using curly braces. I explained why this is not a good idea in my answer to your previous question –  cas Commented Jan 26, 2022 at 4:51

Are you running this with bash , or with zsh ? You've tagged this with bash, but your question mentions a zsh error.

• Like ksh , bash arrays start from zero.
• zsh arrays start from one (unless you have the KSH_ARRAYS variable set). See man zshparam and search for Array Subscripts

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.zshrc inconsistent type for assignment?

I install MongoDB by using homebrew

and set the path within .zshrc :

export path=/usr/local/Cellar/mongodb/3.4.6/bin:$PATH

But when I open the iTerm2 , the stdout give me this:

what's this? how to solve it?

2 Answers 2

I got this when changing a value for JAVA17_HOME. Doing

and then setting it again worked.

Not the original problem, which was answered, but may help people who land here while searching.

• This does not really answer the question. If you have a different question, you can ask it by clicking Ask Question . To get notified when this question gets new answers, you can follow this question . Once you have enough reputation , you can also add a bounty to draw more attention to this question. - From Review –  treckstar Commented Aug 23, 2022 at 0:14
• This actually answers the question of how to resolve the error in any context outside the original question. –  Nathan McKaskle Commented Nov 30, 2022 at 15:40

Lowercase path should be uppercase.

export PATH=/usr/local/Cellar/mongodb/3.4.6/bin:$PATH

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